Controlled Micropatterning of a Si(100) Surface by Combined Nitroxide-Mediated and Atom Transfer Radical Polymerizations

Xu, Fu‐Jian; Song, Yang; Cheng, Zhenping; Zhu, Xiulin; Zhu, Chun; Kang, En‐Tang; Neoh, K. G.

doi:10.1021/ma050581i

Cited by 51 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The 'top-down' procedures effect a structuring by external impacts. 'Top-down' techniques are in general well understood processes, and are reproducible and scalable, such as microcontact printing, [102][103][104] photolithography, [71,[105][106][107][108] and electron-beam lithography. [109][110][111] Members of the 'bottom-up' category are block copolymer lithography, [112] nanosphere lithography, [113] or LB lithography.…”

Section: Structured Polymer Brushesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A photolithographic approach that combined the structuring of surfaces with the formation of binary polymer brushes was demonstrated by Kang and coworkers. [106] Active surface positions of a silicon wafer covered with a photoresist structure (squares, 100 mm 2 ) were connected to an ATRP initiator. Removal of the resist allowed for the immobilization of an NMP initiator.…”

Section: Structured Polymer Brushesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymer Brushes by Nitroxide‐Mediated Polymerization

Brinks

Studer

2009

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

122

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This review article describes the preparation of polymer brushes by nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization using either the 'grafting to' or the 'grafting from' approach. The use of TEMPO as a classical initiator is intensively described. More sophisticated nitroxides are also included in the discussion. Brush formation on flat surfaces such as wafers and also on particles is reported. Finally, some applications of polymer brushes are presented.

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Section: Structured Polymer Brushesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structured Polymer Brushesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Brushes by Nitroxide‐Mediated Polymerization

Brinks

Studer

2009

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

122

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“…Recently, the controlled polymerization strategies, such as the “living” anionic polymerization,1 nitroxide mediated radical polymerization (NMRP),2, 3 atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP),4, 5 ring‐opening polymerization (ROP), and single electron transfer “living” radical polymerization (SET‐LRP)6 were widely investigated. Combining some high efficient coupling methods, such as the reaction by chlorosilane agent, the atom transfer radical coupling (ATRC)7 and the “click” chemistry,8 with the controlled polymerization mechanisms, some copolymers with complicated structures and compositions,9 such as the graft,10 hyperbranched,11 cyclic,12 dendritic,13 and star‐shaped copolymers14 could be constructed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and clinical impact of anaplasia in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma

Qualman¹,

Lynch

Bridge

et al. 2008

Cancer

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BACKGROUND.Anapalsia is rare in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma and has not been included in the International Classification of Rhabdomyosarcoma (ICR). A recent review of cases from the Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee of the Children's Oncology Group (COG) suggests that anaplasia might be more common than previously reported and may impact clinical outcome.METHODS.The prevalence of anaplasia (focal or diffuse) was prospectively assessed in 546 eligible cases who were registered in an Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group (IRSG) or COG therapeutic trial from 1995 through 1998. The incidence of anaplasia in tumor samples and its impact in predicting clinical outcome was assessed.RESULTS.Overall, 71 (13%) of all samples analyzed had anaplasia. Anaplasia was more common in patients with tumors in favorable sites and was less commonly observed in younger patients and in those with stage II, III, or clinical group III disease. Regardless of its distribution (focal or diffuse), on univariate analysis the presence of anaplasia negatively influenced the failure‐free survival rate (63% vs 77% at 5 years) and overall survival (68% vs 82% at 5 years) rates in patients with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. This effect was most pronounced in children with intermediate‐risk tumors. Anaplasia did not affect outcome in patients with alveolar tumors.CONCLUSIONS.The incidence of anaplasia in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma is higher than previously described and may be of prognostic significance in children with intermediate‐risk embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.

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“…Generally, two strategies are used to synthesize the block copolymer: “sequential feeding” and “site transformation.” By using the approach of “sequential feeding”, PIB‐based block copolymers could be synthesized via adding a second monomer successively after the consumption of IB monomer. Because PIB can only be achieved by living cationic polymerization, the “sequential feeding” method is simple but can only be used for the monomers which is also suitable for living cationic polymerization, such as styrene and alkyl vinyl ether .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of PIB‐b‐PDEAEMA well‐defined amphiphilic diblock copolymers via sequential living carbocationic and RAFT polymerization

Ren

Jiang

et al. 2014

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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A series of well‐defined amphiphilic diblock copolymers consisting of hydrophobic polyisobutylene (PIB) and hydrophilic poly(2‐(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA) segments was synthesized via the combination of living carbocationic polymerization and reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Living carbocationic polymerization of isobutylene followed by end‐capping with 1,3‐butadiene was first performed at −70 °C to give a well‐defined allyl‐Cl‐terminated PIB with a low polydispersity (Mw/Mn =1.29). This end‐functionalized PIB was further converted to a macromolecular chain transfer agent for mediating RAFT block copolymerization of 2‐(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate at 60 °C in tetrahydrofuran to afford the target well‐defined PIB‐b‐PDEAEMA diblock copolymers with narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn ≤1.22). The self‐assembly behavior of these amphiphilic diblock copolymers in aqueous media was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope, and furthermore, their pH‐responsive behavior was studied by UV‐vis and dynamic light scattering. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1478–1486

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Controlled Micropatterning of a Si(100) Surface by Combined Nitroxide-Mediated and Atom Transfer Radical Polymerizations

Cited by 51 publications

References 31 publications

Polymer Brushes by Nitroxide‐Mediated Polymerization

Polymer Brushes by Nitroxide‐Mediated Polymerization

Prevalence and clinical impact of anaplasia in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma

Construction of PIB‐b‐PDEAEMA well‐defined amphiphilic diblock copolymers via sequential living carbocationic and RAFT polymerization

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