Controlled potential electrolysis coupled with a direct sample insertion device for multielement determination of heavy metals by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Abstract

by the National Science Foundation through Grants CHE 82-14121 and CHE 83-20053 and by the Office of Naval Research. Portions of this work were presented at the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies (Sept 1983, Philadelphia, PA) and the Thirty-fifth Pittsburgh Conference and Exposition on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy (March 1984, Atlantic City, NJ).

Concentration limits of electrolytic preconcentration in instrumental analysis

“…By its application as a preliminary step, it is possible to decrease the practical limits of detection by up to 2 orders of magnitude below the usual values for the instrumental methods alone. Various instrumental methods can be coupled with the electrolytic preconcentration, and such methods, as neutron activation analysis (NAA) (4), electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectroscopy (ETA-AAS) (5, 6), and recently inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-ES) (7)(8)(9)(10)(11) proved especially valuable. These methods, coupled with the electrolytic preconcentration, achieved limits of detection in the parts-perbillion range, for several environmentally important metals in natural waters and biological fluids.Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) is an important method, which intrinsically combines the electrolytic precon-…”

Electrochemical Deposition of Metals in the Preparation of Standard Materials for Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry

“…Finally, if desired, solution samples containing unknown quantities of metal ions could be concentrated and analyzed by GDMS through the reduction of the metal ions onto a sample cathode. Similar methods have been developed to preconcentrate samples for a variety of atomic spectroscopic techniques, including electrothermal atomization atomic absorption (19), microwave atomic emission (20), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission (21,22), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (23).…”

Deposition of trace metals on solid electrodes: experimental verification of limits of electrochemical preconcentration

“…Electrolytic preconcentration (EP) requires a single controlled potential electrolysis (CPE) to concentrate traces of reducible metals as a deposit on an inert electrode or amalgam in mercury, leaving electrochemically inactive interfering elements in solution. This technique is frequently used for improving detection limits in many instrumental methods of analysis (1-3) and has been used in flameless atomic ab-sorption spectroscopy (ETA-AAS) (4-8), neutron activation analysis (NAA) (9)(10)(11), and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-ES) using a variety of electrodes and sample introduction methods (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19).…”