Controlled Radical Polymerization in the Presence of Oxygen

Gradient copolymers by atom transfer radical copolymerization

“…25,[29][30][31][32] Some small discrepancies are expected, and have been observed, in the values of reactivity ratios from ATRP and conventional radical polymerizations. 33 There are a number of reasons for these discrepancies, such as obvious differences in reaction temperatures and solvent. Additionally, differences in the rate of chain growth can also alter the observed reactivity ratios, in that in a controlled polymerization polymer is slowly formed throughout the reaction, whereas in a conventional system high polymer is formed at the beginning of the reaction and the composition of the polymer is established at low conversion.…”

“…29,31,33 Another report from this laboratory shows that several unique behaviors seen in copolymerizations using ATRP are caused by significant differences in the values of the activation/deactivation equilibrium constants of the two monomers, but the reactivity ratios remain unaffected. 29 …”

Controlled radical polymerization catalyzed by copper(I)-sparteine complexes

“…The residual oxygen might be the cause of the induction time. 7 However, the experiment was repeated several times and the induction time remained the same. An alternative explanation might be related to the formation of the actual initiating center as a result of the interaction between the catalyst complex and the initiator.…”

Transition Metal Catalysis in Controlled Radical Polymerization: Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

“…Moreover, the excess of Cu O can be used to scavenge a limited amount of oxygen and inhibitor from the system, allowing some ATRP systems to be carried out just on a bench, without deoxygenation and/or inhibitor removal. [79] New polymers and copolymers by ATRP: [48,49] It is beyond the scope of this article to list and discuss all of the new materials made by ATRP. Generally, though, these materials can be grouped in three categories: * new polymeric topology ( Figure 5), * new controlled compositions (Figure 6), * new functionalities (Figure 7).…”