Controlled radical polymerization: Prospects for application for industrial synthesis of polymers (Review)

A Theoretical Exploration of the Potential of ICAR ATRP for One‐ and Two‐Pot Synthesis of Well‐Defined Diblock Copolymers

“…[21] Although (normal) ATRP allows unique polymer properties, the production of large volumes of ATRP based materials is being thwarted by the excessive concentrations of Cu-based catalysts that are usually necessary to achieve a fast and controlled polymerization. [22] Several issues, such as toxicity of the ATRP catalyst, handling of the air-sensitive activator species and expensive purification operations, constitute the main current obstacles hindering the development of ATRP at industrial scale. [3] Consequently, in the last years various modifications have been introduced to overcome these issues, such as the improvement of the ATRP catalyst, [23][24][25] the optimization of the ATRP catalyst removal, [26][27][28] and the development of modified ATRP techniques using low catalyst amounts.…”

Copolymerization Kinetics of a Simple Methacrylate and Functional Comonomers Via Cu(0)‐mediated Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization

“…The most common metal for this type of RDRP is Cu(0); in Cu(0)‐mediated RDRP, Cu(0) combines a variety of amine containing organic base ligands to form electron donor species which mediate fast controlled radical polymerization of vinyl monomers such as methacrylates and acrylamides in polar solvents. Since it allows to rapidly achieve complex functional polymers with exceptional control of molecular weight (even higher than 5 × 10 5 g/mol), narrow dispersity (typically less than 1.3), and preserved chain end functionalities, Cu(0)‐RDRP has attracted attentions as a means for copolymerizations to attain complex functional soft materials for various applications …”

Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process – A Third Update

“…[62] The process is also given substantial coverage in most recent reviews that, in part, relate to polymer synthesis, living or controlled polymerization or novel architectures. Some of those that include significant mention of RAFT polymerization include reviews on RDRP, [63] mechanism and reagent design, [11,64,65] click chemistry, [66][67][68][69][70][71][72] synthesis of telechelics, [73] the polymerization of carbazole-containing monomers, [74] N-vinyl-1,2,3-triazoles, [75] N-vinyl heterocycles, [76] fluoro-monomers, [77] and glycomonomers, [78][79][80] synthesis of metallopolymers, [81] conjugated block copolymers, [82] dye-functionalized polymers, [83] stimuliresponsive polymers, [84,85] complex architectures, [86,87] polyolefin blocks, [88] biopolymer-polymer conjugates and bioapplications, [59,[89][90][91][92][93] polysaccharide modification, [94,95] polymerization in heterogeneous media, [96,97] microwave-assisted polymerization, [65,98,99] industrial prospects for RDRP, [100,…”