Controlled Release of Chlorogenic Acid from Polyvinyl Alcohol/Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid) Blended Electrospun Nanofiber Mats with Potential Applications in Diabetic Foot Treatment

Abstract

This work biosynthesized poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) produced by Bacillus licheniformis ATCC-9945a. This material was utilized to prepare electrospun nanofibers with solutions of 10% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (w/v) mixed with γ-PGA at 5 and 10% w/v, intended as a wound dressing for diabetic foot treatment. These solutions were loaded with chlorogenic acid (CGA), an active hypoglycemic agent. Morphological analysis showed a decrease in size of the fibers with the combination of PVA/γ-PGA compared to pure PVA nanofibers, which was attributed to the hydrogen bonding interactions between the glutaraldehyde vapors, γ-PGA, and PVA that permitted nanofiber cross-linking and allowed CGA release. The in vitro release analysis showed that the PVA membranes reached 28% delivery after the first 24 h. Notably, the nanofiber mat with PVA blended with 5% γ-PGA reached 57% delivery, and the PVA nanofiber with 10% γ-PGA reached 66% release after the same amount of time. The rate constant for the release kinetics showed that PVA with 5% γ-PGA had a higher value than that of the other samples, reaching saturation first.

Electrospun PVA Fibers for Drug Delivery: A Review

“…Sandoval-Herrera et al explored the chlorogenic ( CGA )-loaded PVA/Poly(γ-Glumatic Acid) (γ-PGA) blended electrospun fiber mats for diabetic foot treatment [ 117 ]. PVA/γ-PGA (5 and 10%) blended polymers were crosslinked using the GA vapor technique to enhance their drug release characteristics.…”

A Review on Electrospun Poly(amino acid) Nanofibers and Their Applications of Hemostasis and Wound Healing

“…Based on the similar structure of electrospinning and ECM, electrospinning of bioactive substances with biocompatible polymers is a feasible approach for the treatment of diabetic foot [ 151 , 152 ]. Isela et al [ 153 ] used γ-PGA and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blended to prepare electrospinning nanofibers for wound dressing for diabetic foot treatment. The nature and fiber structure of γ-PGA and PVA provided a good base for the drug release system, which was able to sustain the release in phosphate-buffered medium for more than 200 h. This composite fiber is an effective model for the treatment of diabetic foot and also provides inspiration for the treatment of wounds in other sites.…”