Controlled release of therapeutic antibody using hydrolytically degradable microgels

Abstract

Monoclonal antibodies have gained significant interest as potential therapeutics for treating various diseases. However, these therapies are not always effective due to poor treatment compliance associated with multiple administrations and drug resistance. Thus, there is a growing interest in developing advanced monoclonal antibody delivery systems that can customize pharmacokinetics to enhance therapeutic outcomes. This work aimed to engineer hydrolytic 4‐arm PEG maleimide (PEG‐4MAL) microgels for the controlled delivery of therapeutic antibodies, specifically anti‐angiogenic bevacizumab, to overcome the limitations of current monoclonal antibody therapies. Through a PEGylation reaction with a thiol‐terminated PEG linker, the antibody was covalently conjugated to the macromer backbone before microgel synthesis. The PEGylation reaction was simple, effective, and did not affect antibody bioactivity. Antibody release kinetics was tuned by changing the concentration of the hydrolytic linker (0–2 mM) and/or PEG‐4MAL:protein molar ratio (1000:1, 2000:1, and 5000:1) in the macromer precursor solution during microgel fabrication. The bioactivity of the released antibody was assessed on human umbilical endothelial vascular cells (HUVEC), demonstrating that extracts from hydrolytic microgels reduced cell proliferation over time. Collectively, this study demonstrates the development of highly tunable delivery platform based on degradable PEG‐4MAL microgels that can be adapted for therapeutic antibody‐controlled release.