Controlled Release of Vitamin U from Microencapsulated Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata Extract for Peptic Ulcer Treatment

Abstract

Cabbage plant (Brassica oleracea 𝐿. var. capitata) contains compounds such as polyphenols, minerals, and ascorbic acid, as well as some amino acids such as glutamine, which has anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, its nutrient contains the component of vitamin 𝑈 (𝑆-methylmethionine) which is effective in the treatment and prevention of peptic ulcer disease. The aim of this study is to perform microencapsulation of Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata extract for controlled release of vitamin 𝑈 for peptic ulcer treatment. Within this scope, vitamin U and some amino acids (L-methionine, L-glutamine, 𝐿-histidine, 𝐿-lysine, 𝐿-aspartic acid) were extracted from a cabbage by extraction methods and microencapsulated. The gelatin/gum Arabic and gelatin/sodium alginate polymer complexes were used as wall materials. Morphological analysis of the microcapsules showed that the microcapsules had a homogeneous, spherical shell structure. The results of HPLC analysis confirmed that vitamin 𝑈 and amino acid compounds in cabbage extract are also present in the structure of microcapsules. 𝐹𝑇𝐼𝑅 analysis confirmed the interaction between shell materials and microcapsules, and the similarities in the bands of the plant extract and microcapsules indicated microencapsulation of the plant extract successfully. In vitro release testing of the microcapsules was studied in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4) for 48 h. The maximum encapsulation efficiency and release were obtained as 86.92% and 93.6% for the gum Arabic-contained microcapsule, respectively.

Antioxidant and Antiradical Activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Extracts Encapsulated in Calcium Alginate Spheres

“…These authors also described that TPC released from the nanoparticles in the acidic environment was lower than that observed in neutral solutions. Koksal E. et al [ 22 ] studied the controlled release of vitamin U (S-mehylmethionine) from microencapsulated Brassica oleracea L. extracts with gelatin/sodium alginate (3:5:1) polymers at different pH values. These authors also reported that during the first hour, 50% of total vitamin U was released.…”

Structural Element of Vitamin U‐Mimicking Antibacterial Polypeptide with Ultrahigh Selectivity for Effectively Treating MRSA Infections

“…[23] Vitamin U, [24] in particular, a sulfonium derivant predominantly existing in cabbage-based plants, has been employed to treat gastric ulcers and regulate blood lipid levels for its good anti-ulcer and antiinflammatory features. [25] The sulfonium units from Vitamin U were further utilized to prepare several drug intermediates, including S-adenosylmethionine, bleomycin, and modified-echinomycin in cancer and vaccine applications. [26] Inspired by the structure of vitamin U, a series of starshaped alkylated sulfonium polypeptides were synthesized by the ring-opening polymerization of D,L-methionine Ncarboxyanhydrides (D,LÀ MetÀ NCA) and followed alkylation (Scheme 1a).…”

“…Recently, main‐chain sulfonium‐containing polymers and sulfonium‐ion‐bearing polypeptoids exhibite appropriate antimicrobial performances, and their biological balances between antibacterial properties and toxicity can be controlled by alternating sequences and alkane spacers within main chains or introducing functional groups via post‐polymerization [23] . Vitamin U, [24] in particular, a sulfonium derivant predominantly existing in cabbage‐based plants, has been employed to treat gastric ulcers and regulate blood lipid levels for its good anti‐ulcer and anti‐inflammatory features [25] . The sulfonium units from Vitamin U were further utilized to prepare several drug intermediates, including S‐adenosylmethionine, bleomycin, and modified‐echinomycin in cancer and vaccine applications [26] …”

Development of a Non-Destructive Tool Based on E-Eye and Agro-Morphological Descriptors for the Characterization and Classification of Different Brassicaceae Landraces

“…In recent years, some plants, particularly those in the Brassicaceae family, have sparked considerable interest owing to their extremely rich chemical composition, particularly the abundance of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial substances, as well as their antimutagenic activity and potential anticarcinogenic effects [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. In fact, this family has about 4000 distinct species that include vital antioxidants, such as vitamin C and flavonoids, that have been shown to benefit human health [10][11][12][13]. Furthermore, they are rich in glucosinolates [14], which have anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties [15].…”