Controlled-release polymeric herbicide formulations with pendent 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid

Abstract

The intrinsic reaction rates for anhydrous vapor-phase HF saccharification of celluloslc materials in Bigtooth aspen were determined in order to characterize and assess this process for the production of fermentable sugars. Maximum glucose yields of 3.0 mmol/g of wood were recovered from wood chips reacted for 2 min with a pure HF flowstream at 30 °C and 1.0 atm. The intrinsic glucose yield vs. time profile was sigmoidal. The glucose production rate decreased nonHnearfy with decreasing HF partial pressure from 1.0 to 0.2 atm at 30 °C. Surprisingly, the glucose production rate decreased with increasing reaction temperature from 28 to 108 °C at an HF partial pressure of 1.0 atm. It is proposed that physical adsorption of HF onto the lignocellulosic matrix and hydrogen-bond breaking of cellulose microfibrils are prerequisites to the cellulose-cracking reaction and therefore may strongly influence the global rate of glucose production.

Synthesis of photoresponsive polymeric propesticide micelles based on PEG for the controlled release of a herbicide

“…Dispersion into smaller micellar particles can also ensure a more uniform coverage on leaf surfaces during application and ensure a more active uptake by weeds or plants. To date, there has been little research on CRFs of pesticides based on chemical conjugation, and the pesticide release is also mainly dependent on cleavage of the chemical linkage between the pesticide and the polymeric backbone by water or microbes in soil, 3 therefore the amount of pesticide reaching the target site is still limited.…”

Synthesis and evaluation of effectiveness of a controlled release preparation 2,4-d: a reduction of risk of pollution and exposure of workers

“…Bhattacharya et al [4] synthesized a diolamide of 2,4-D, which on copolymerization with a number of dicarboxylic acids would give polymer systems releasing 2,4-D. The structures and physicochemical properties of these polymers varied over a wide range by using a number of various dicarboxylic acids and cross-linking agents.…”

Fluorescent Caged Compounds of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D): Photorelease Technology for Controlled Release of 2,4-D

“…To date, controlled release of pesticides based on chemical combination is carried out by either hydrolytic or microbial cleavage of the chemical linkage between the pesticide and the polymeric backbone (5). To the best of our knowledge, there has been no report on cleavage of the polymer-pesticide bonds by light.…”

“…Recently, CRFs for pesticides based on chemical combination have received great interest because they offer safer, more efficient, and more economical crop protection . To date, controlled release of pesticides based on chemical combination is carried out by either hydrolytic or microbial cleavage of the chemical linkage between the pesticide and the polymeric backbone . To the best of our knowledge, there has been no report on cleavage of the polymer−pesticide bonds by light.…”