Controlled Sulfonation of Poly(<i>N</i>-vinylcarbazole)

Wang, Suhua; Zeng, Zhaohua; Yang, Shihe; Weng, Lu‐Tao; Wong, P.C.; Ho, Kachun

doi:10.1021/ma991815z

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Synthesis of PVK-SO 3 Li: The sulfonation of PVK was performed by the procedure described in the literature [41]. The degree of sulfonation of PVK was about 28 %.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilayer Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes: White‐Light Emission with High Efficiency

Gong¹,

Wang²,

Moses³

et al. 2005

Advanced Materials

469

306

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Organic and polymer light-emitting diodes (OLEDs/ PLEDs) that emit white light are of interest and potential importance for use in active-matrix displays (with color filters) and because they might eventually be used for solid-state lighting. [1,2] In such applications, the fabrication of large-area devices and the use of low-cost manufacturing technology will be the major issues.[2] The fabrication of PLEDs by processing the active materials from solution (e.g., by using printing technology) promises to be less expensive than that of OLEDs, where deposition of the active layers requires the use of vacuum technology. [2,3] Several approaches have been used to generate white light from OLEDs and PLEDs. [2,4±9] In each case, however, the efficiency was modest and the lifetime was limited by that of the blue emitters. [3,7±12] White light is characterized by three quantities: The CIE (Commission Internationale d'Eclairage) coordinates, the color temperature (CT), and the color rendering index (CRI). [13] ªPureº white light has CIE coordinates of (0.333, 0.333), and is obtained by balancing the emission of the colors employed. For illumination applications, the CT needs to be equivalent to that of a blackbody source at temperatures between 3000 and 7500 K. The CRI is a numerical measure of how ªtrueº colors look when viewed with the light source. CRI values range from 0 to 100, with 100 representing true color reproduction.We show that high-performance, multilayer, white-lightemitting PLEDs can be fabricated by using a blend of luminescent semiconducting polymers and organometallic complexes as the emission layer, and water-soluble (or ethanol-soluble) polymers and/or small molecules as the holeinjection/transport layer (HIL/HTL) and the electron injection/transport layer (EIL/ETL). Each layer is spin-cast sequentially from solution. These multilayer PLEDs emit illumination-quality white light with high brightness, high luminous efficiency, suitable CT, stable CIE coordinates, and high CRI.The device fabrication is described in the Experimental section. The device architecture and the molecular structure of the polymers and small molecules used for fabrication of the devices are shown in Scheme 1. The energy levels of the top of the p-band (highest occupied molecular orbital, HOMO) and the bottom of the p*-band (lowest occupied molecular orbital, LUMO) of PFO-ETM, PVK-SO 3 Li, and t-Bu-PBD-SO 3 Na, and the work functions of Ba and PEDOT:PSS are given in Scheme 2a. The corresponding energy levels of PFO-ETM, Ir(HFP) 3 , and fluorenone are shown in Scheme 2b.The selection of materials for the HIL/HTL and EIL/ETL is critical for achieving the band alignment that favors charge injection from the electrodes, for achieving good transport of the respective carriers through the HTL and ETL to the active emission layer, and for hole-blocking (electron-blocking) at the ETL (HTL). PVK-SO 3 Li was selected for the HIL/HTL because its HOMO energy level at ±5.75 eV is well-aligned with the HOMO energy level of PFO-ETM at ±5.80...

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“…Synthesis of PVK-SO 3 Li: The sulfonation of PVK was performed by the procedure described in the literature [41]. The degree of sulfonation of PVK was about 28 %.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilayer Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes: White‐Light Emission with High Efficiency

Gong¹,

Wang²,

Moses³

et al. 2005

Advanced Materials

469

306

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A variety of techniques including optical absorption, photoluminescence ͑PL͒, photocurrent spectroscopy, and time-resolved PL were employed to investigate the properties of CdS-PVK nanocomposites. [6][7][8] By sulfonation of PVK, CdS nanoparticles were directly produced in the PVK matrix and CdS-PVK nanocomposites were formed. We interpret this result as the improved interface quality between CdS and PVK in CdS-PVK nanocomposites, which facilitates fast interfacial carrier transfer and thus increases the charge generation efficiency.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant enhancement of photoconductivity in truly two-component and chemically hybridized CdS-poly(N-vinylcarbazole) nanocomposites

Yang

Wang

et al. 2001

Applied Physics Letters

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“…The broad band at about 1700 cm −1 can be explained as a hydrogen bonding effect among SO 3 H groups [12]. Peaks at 1150 and 1034 cm −1 are, respectively, assigned to the asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations (O S O) of sulfonic groups [13]. Finally, the peaks at 1006 and 1126 cm −1 can be assigned to in-plane bending vibrations of a para-substituted aromatic ring with a SO 3 H group and to the sulfonate anion attached to the aromatic ring, respectively [14].…”

Section: Characterization Of the Hsbs-s Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, characterization and evaluation of proton-conducting hybrid membranes based on sulfonated hydrogenated styrene–butadiene and polysiloxanes for fuel cell applications

Monroy-Barreto

Acosta

Río

et al. 2010

Journal of Power Sources

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Controlled Sulfonation of Poly(N-vinylcarbazole)

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

Multilayer Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes: White‐Light Emission with High Efficiency

Multilayer Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes: White‐Light Emission with High Efficiency

Significant enhancement of photoconductivity in truly two-component and chemically hybridized CdS-poly(N-vinylcarbazole) nanocomposites

Preparation, characterization and evaluation of proton-conducting hybrid membranes based on sulfonated hydrogenated styrene–butadiene and polysiloxanes for fuel cell applications

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