The aim of this study was to describe the modification of the bioactivity of Al2O3‐noble metal (Me = Ag, Au, or Pd) composite nanoparticles by the addition of graphene oxide and the formation of a RGO/Al2O3‐Me nanocomposite system. The nanocomposite flakes and Al2O3‐Me composite nanoparticles were widely characterized. The antibacterial effect was observed only for Al2O3‐Ag composite nanoparticles and RGO/Al2O3‐Ag nanocomposite flakes, while, in the case of RGO/Al2O3‐Ag, a more evident antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was observed compared with Al2O3‐Ag. In the case of other noble metals (Au, Pd), a slight growth‐stimulating effect was revealed for particular bacterial strains.