Controller area network reliability: overview of design challenges and safety related perspectives of future transportation systems

Abstract

The in‐vehicular networked control system is among the most critical embedded processes. The controller area network (CAN) has prevailed intra‐vehicle communication for decades. Meanwhile, requirements of future transportation systems are expected to emphasise the in‐vehicle communication complexity, which endangers the reliability/safety of the intelligent navigation. At first, this study reviews the recent solutions proposed to overcome the CAN expanding complexity. Challenges that tomorrow's intelligent vehicles may raise for CAN reliability are investigated. The comprehensive coverage of current research efforts to remove the impact of these challenges is presented. Further, the in‐vehicle system reliability of future automated vehicles is also related to the fault diagnosis performances. Hence, different classes of system‐level diagnosis strategies are compared relatively to the requirements of automotive embedded networks. Furthermore, to thoroughly cover CAN reliability engineering issues, focus is given to the automotive validation techniques. The hardware in the loop, real‐time analysis and computer‐aided‐design tools intervene in various phases along the in‐vehicular network life cycle. Parameters that stand behind the efficiency and accuracy of these techniques in validating the new generation of vehicles are analysed. The authors finally draw some deductive predictions about the future directions related to the reliability of the intelligent transportation system in‐vehicular communication.

Adaptive Fault-Tolerant System and Optimal Power Allocation for Smart Vehicles in Smart Cities Using Controller Area Network

“…e fault handling technique is effectively used for the communication of messages in CAN through the automatic repeat request (ARQ) method, which is a fault or error handling mechanism of resending the error message by proper observation of acknowledgments and timeouts for data transmission [39][40][41]. e redundant bits and CRC bit are used in the sending message stream for fault or an error detection which ensures reliable data communication link from source to a target node [14].…”

“…is system generally works in an electrical environment, whereas the communication is affected by electromagnetic interference (EMI) or any internal/ external noise [13]. is noise can lead to reduction of performance of an automotive vehicle [13,14]. ere is a reason for causing an error or fault due to the unintended use of automatic repeat request (ARQ) [15].…”

An Efficient Design of a Basic Autonomous Vehicle Based on CAN Bus

“…Given that modern intra-vehicle communication systems typically consist of several subnetworks with diverse protocols, automotive gateways are essential. They act as interfaces between these subnetworks, ensuring the integrity and security of the intra-vehicle communication network, a role that should never be overlooked [16][17].…”

Single-Frame-Based Data Compression for CAN Security

“…Although the controller area network (CAN) system has established itself as the most widely used automotive network, CAN does not ensure the confidentiality and authentication of the CAN data frame, opening the way for easy data eavesdropping or the launching of replay attacks [1,2]. The CAN attack surfaces can be categorized into physical-access-based attacks [3][4][5] and wireless-access-based attacks [6][7][8][9].…”