“…In 1983, a new platform for design of classical non-linear feedback control systems based on one, two, or more than two describingfunction models of the plant was introduced [16]. That platform has enjoyed considerable success in designing robust non-linear feedback systems in the robotics and aerospace industries (see, for example, references [15] and [17] to [22], and references therein). In this research, application of this design platform to the idle speed control problem is investigated for the first time.…”