Controlling bacterial contamination during fuel ethanol fermentation using thermochemically depolymerized lignin bio-oils

Abstract

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) contamination during fuel ethanol fermentation can lead to significant economic loses. To circumvent this, fuel ethanol plants add antibiotics prophylactically, but their overuse has resulted in...

Photoreforming for Lignin Upgrading: A Critical Review

“…The principal route explored for lignin valorization is its conversion into aromatic compounds via depolymerization. Various methods have been invested to depolymerize lignin into phenolic chemicals such as acid/based-catalyzed depolymerization, [1] oxidative depolymerization, [2] thermochemical depolymerization, [3] hydrodeoxygenation, [4] solvolysis, [5] and supercritical depolymerization. [6] However, those processes are usually energy intensive and environmentally unfriendly.…”

MgFe2O4Nanoparticle/Peracetic Acid Hybrids for Catalytic Oxidative Depolymerization of Lignin

“…For instance, alkaline enzymatic lignin was depolymerized by PAA (0.8 g PAA/g lignin) with a 36.1% yield of monomers. 12 Ma et al reported that two kinds of lignin depolymerization occurred in the presence of PAA, with a yield of phenolic compounds (less than 22%). 13 Despite the effective oxidative cracking of lignin, some of them suffered from certain drawbacks, such as limited selectivity and poor product yield.…”

“…Electrophilic PAA can work on electron-rich sites (e.g., aromatic ring and olefinic site) in lignin, resulting in the conversion of lignin into small molecular weight fragments. For instance, alkaline enzymatic lignin was depolymerized by PAA (0.8 g PAA/g lignin) with a 36.1% yield of monomers . Ma et al reported that two kinds of lignin depolymerization occurred in the presence of PAA, with a yield of phenolic compounds (less than 22%) .…”