Controlling barrier penetration via exothermic iron oxidation

Wood, D. G.; Brown, Marc; Jones, Stuart A.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.10.047

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The intensity of heat generated depends on the initiator. Generally, there are two initiators such as oxygen and water employed in commercial transdermal patches [57,60]. An additional air permeable pouch is packed with the patches wherever oxygen is used as initiator.…”

Section: Chemical Heating Based Thermal Ablationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of skin permeability with thermal ablation techniques: concept to commercial products

Parhi

Mandru

2020

Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res.

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Traditionally, the skin is considered as a protective barrier which acts as a highly impermeable region of the human body. But in recent times, it is recognized as a specialized organ that aids in the delivery of a wide range of drug molecules into the skin (intradermal drug delivery) and across the skin into systemic circulation (transdermal drug delivery, TDD). The bioavailability of a drug administered transdermally can be improved by several penetration enhancement techniques, which are broadly classified into chemical and physical techniques. Application of mentioned techniques together with efforts of various scientific and innovative companies had made TDD a multibillion dollar market and an average of 2.6 new transdermal drugs are being approved each year. Out of various techniques, the thermal ablation techniques involving chemicals, heating elements, lasers, and radiofrequency (RF) are proved to be more effective in terms of delivering the drug across the skin by disrupting the stratum corneum (SC). The reason behind it is that the thermal ablation technique resulted in improved bioavailability, quick treatment and fast recovery of the SC, and more importantly it does not cause any damage to underlying dermis layer. This review article mainly discussed about various thermal ablation techniques with commercial products and patents in each classes, and their safety aspects. This review also briefly presented anatomy of the skin, penetration pathways across the skin, and different generations of TDD.

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Section: Chemical Heating Based Thermal Ablationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of skin permeability with thermal ablation techniques: concept to commercial products

Parhi

Mandru

2020

Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res.

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“…Although control of the exothermic reaction at the skin surface is complex, the iron oxidation reaction could offer an elegant means of generating heat [91]. The FDA has approved the lidocaine/tetracaine transdermal patch (Synera®; Nuvo Research Inc., Canada) that employs CHADD™ heating POD based on an iron oxidation reaction as a source of heat energy (Fig.…”

Section: Transdermal Drug Delivery Using Chemical Heatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upon mixing of oxygen with the reaction mixture, heat is generated, which can maintain the skin surface temperature at approximately 42°C for up to 4 h, or even longer. However, a reaction being initiated by oxygen is deemed slower and inefficient, compared with the more recently reported reaction that utilises water as the reaction initiator [91]. Wood et al compared both oxygen and water types of initiated reactions and demonstrated their effects on the release of lidocaine at saturated and sub-saturated levels from a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) hydrophilic matrix Fig.…”

Section: Transdermal Drug Delivery Using Chemical Heatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wood et al compared both oxygen and water types of initiated reactions and demonstrated their effects on the release of lidocaine at saturated and sub-saturated levels from a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) hydrophilic matrix Fig. 5 [91]. A short, sharp temperature variation (up to 65°C) could result in the rapid diffusion of lidocaine through the CMC matrix, compared with the slow and more extensive one driven by the oxygen controlled oxidation reaction.…”

Section: Transdermal Drug Delivery Using Chemical Heatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breaching the skin barrier through temperature modulations

Shahzad

Louw

Gerber

et al. 2015

Journal of Controlled Release

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“…Some patches have incorporated a layer of reagents in the patch that could produce heat when activated. These heat-enhanced patches have been successfully applied for drugs, such as corticosteroids (20) and local anesthetics (21). Nuvo Research Inc. (22) has developed a controlled heat-assisted drug delivery (CHADD™) technology that is already approved for use in several products such as Synera® for the heat assisted topical delivery of lidocaine and tetracaine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Experimental Evaluation and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of a Heat-Enhanced Transdermal Delivery System

Otto

Villiers

2012

AAPS PharmSciTech

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Abstract. Transdermal delivery systems are useful in cases where preferred routes such as the oral route are not available. However, low overall extent of delivery is seen due to the permeation barrier posed by the skin. Chemical penetration enhancers and invasive methods that disturb the structural barrier function of the skin can be used to improve transdermal drug delivery. However, for suitable drugs, a fast-releasing transdermal delivery system can be produced by incorporating a heating source into a transdermal patch. In this study, a molecular dynamics simulation showed that heat increased the diffusivity of the drug molecules, resulting in faster release from gels containing ketoprofen, diclofenac sodium, and lidocaine HCl. Simulations were confirmed by in vitro drug release studies through lipophilic membranes. These correlations could expand the application of heated transdermal delivery systems for use as fast-releasedosage forms.

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Controlling barrier penetration via exothermic iron oxidation

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Enhancement of skin permeability with thermal ablation techniques: concept to commercial products

Enhancement of skin permeability with thermal ablation techniques: concept to commercial products

Breaching the skin barrier through temperature modulations

The Experimental Evaluation and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of a Heat-Enhanced Transdermal Delivery System

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