Controlling crackling dynamics by triggering low-intensity avalanches

Abstract

We examine the effect of small, spatially localized excitations applied periodically in different manners, on the crackling dynamics of a brittle crack driven slowly in a heterogeneous solid. When properly adjusted, these excitations are observed to radically modify avalanche statistics and considerably limit the magnitude of the largest events. Surprisingly, this does not require information on the front loading state at the time of excitation; applying it either at a random location or at the most loaded point gives the same results. Subsequently, we unravel how the excitation amplitude, spatial extent, and frequency govern the effect. We find that the excitation efficiency is ruled by a single reduced parameter, namely the injected power per unit front length; the suppression of extreme avalanches is maximum at a well-defined optimal value of this control parameter. analysis opens another way to control the largest events in crackling dynamics. Beyond fracture problems, it may be relevant for crackling systems described by models of the same universality class, such as the wetting of heterogeneous substrates or magnetic walls in amorphous magnets.

Crackling noise microscopy

“…These stimuli induce atomic-sized kink movements in the material’s crystal structure in the form of jerks or avalanches accompanied by crackling noise (actual sound waves). Similar concepts apply to many other systems, from crumpling paper 5 , various phase transitions in solid materials 6 , deformed crystals and porous materials 7 , and neural networks 8 , to the seismic activity found in earthquakes 9 – 11 . Renormalization group theory predicts that these diverse crackling systems approach fixed points, indicating universal scaling behaviour 4 .…”