Delivery
systems play a crucial role in enhancing the activity
of active substances; however, they require complex processing techniques
and raw material design to achieve the desired properties. In this
regard, raw materials that can be easily processed for different delivery
systems are garnering attention. Among these raw materials, shellac,
which is the only pharmaceutically used resin of animal origin, has
been widely used in the development of various delivery systems owing
to its pH responsiveness, biocompatibility, and degradability. Notably,
shellac performs better on encapsulating hydrophobic active substances
than other natural polymers, such as polysaccharides and proteins.
In addition, specially designed shellac-based delivery systems can
also be used for the codelivery of hydrophilic and hydrophobic active
substances. Shellac is most widely used for oral administration, as
shellac-based delivery systems can form a compact structure through
hydrophobic interaction, protecting transported active substances
from the harsh environment of the stomach to achieve targeted delivery
in the small intestine or colon. In this review, the advantages of
shellac in delivery systems are discussed in detail. Multiscale shellac-based
delivery systems from the macroscale to nanoscale are comprehensively
introduced, including matrix tablets, films, enteric coatings, hydrogels,
microcapsules, microparticles (beads/spheres), nanoparticles, and
nanofibers. Furthermore, the hotspots, deficiencies, and future perspectives
of shellac-based delivery system development are also analyzed. We
hoped this review will increase the understanding of shellac-based
delivery systems and inspire their further development.