Controlling excess water production in fractured carbonate reservoirs: chemical zonal protection design

Ghosh, Bisweswar; Ali, Samhar Adi; Belhaj, Hadi

doi:10.1007/s13202-020-00842-3

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Water shut-off is performed to reduce the permeability of fractures by injecting chemical agents, such as gelant, into them, thus preventing water invasion. Ghosh et al presented experimental results of water shut-off and noted that the reservoir matrix must be well protected while plugging fractures 11 . To achieve this, different agents may need to be injected into the reservoir at different times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical simulation for water invasion and water control optimization in water drive gas reservoirs

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The development of water drive gas reservoirs (WDGRs) with fractures or strong heterogeneity is severely influenced by water invasion. Accurately simulating the rules of water invasion and drainage gas recovery countermeasures in fractured WDGRs, thereby revealing the mechanism of water invasion and an appropriate development strategy, is important for formulating water management measures and enhancing the recovery of gas reservoirs. In this work, physical simulation methods were proposed to gain a better understanding of water invasion and to optimize the water control of fractured WDGRs. Five groups of experiments were designed and conducted to probe the impacts of the distance between the fractures and the gas well, the drainage position, the drainage timing and the aquifer size on the water invasion and production performance of a gas reservoir. The gas and water production and the internal pressure drop were monitored in real time during the experiments. Based on the above experimental works, a theoretical analysis was conducted to quantitatively evaluate the performance of the gas reservoir recovery via the gas well production performance, water invasion, dynamic pressure drop and residual gas and water distribution analysis. The results show that when the fracture scale was appropriate, a gas well drilled close to a fracture (Experiment 1-3) or a high-permeability formation could also produce gas and achieve drainage efficiently. The recovery factor of Experiment 1-3 reached 62.5%, which was 24.6% and 21.1% higher than those of Experiments 1-1 and 1-2, respectively, which had wells drilled in low-permeability areas. Draining water near an aquifer can effectively inhibit water invasion during the early stage of gas recovery. The setup in Experiment 2-1 effectively inhibited water invasion and avoided the formation of water-sealed volumes of gas to recover 30% more gas than recovered with that of Experiment 1-1 without drainage wells. A shorter distance between the drainage well and the aquifer increased the drainage capacity and decreased the gas production capacity, respectively (Well 2 at Point A vs Point B). A larger aquifer had a lower gas recovery, which reduced the economic benefit. For example, due to an infinitely large aquifer, the reserves in Experiment 4-1 were developed by a single well, the gas recovery was only 33.4%. These research results are expected to be beneficial for the preparation of development plans and the optimization of water control measures for WDGRs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical simulation for water invasion and water control optimization in water drive gas reservoirs

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…It should also degrade sufficiently so that the viscosity of the fracturing fluid allows flow back after the completion of the fracture job and maintains the desired hydrocarbon production. , Most hydraulic fracture treatments use an optimum dose of guar-based polymers (guar and its derivatives) as a thickening agent or viscosity builder. Guar gum and its derivatives are known for quick hydration properties, excellent proppant transport, and leak-off control at low concentrations, particularly when cross-linkers are used. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed Breaker Systems To Remove Residual Polymer Damage in Hydraulically Fractured Reservoirs

Ghosh

Abdelrahim

Ghosh³

et al. 2021

ACS Omega

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Hydraulic fracturing is a widely used technology to enhance the productivity of low-permeability reservoirs. Fracturing fluids using guar as the rheology builder leaves aside residual polymer layers over the fractured surface, resulting in a restricted matrix to fracture flow, causing reduced well productivity and injectivity. This research developed a specialized enzyme breaker and evaluated its efficiency in breaking linear and cross-linked guar-polymer gel as a function of time, temperature, and breaker concentration targeting a high-temperature carbonate reservoir. The study began with developing a high-temperature stable galacto-mannanase enzyme using the "protein-engineering" approach, followed by the optimization of fracturing fluids and breaker concentrations measuring their rheological properties. The thermal stability of the enzyme breaker vis-a-vis viscosity reduction and the degradation pattern of the linear and cross-linked gel observed from the break tests showed that the enzyme is stable and active up to 120 °C and can reduce viscosity by more than 99%. Further studies conducted using a high-temperature high-pressure HT-HP filter press for the visual inspection of polymer cake quality, filtration loss rates, and cake dissolution efficiency showed that a 6 h enzyme treatment degrades the filter cake by 94−98% compared to 60−70% degradation in 72 h of the natural degradation process. Coreflooding studies, under simulated reservoir conditions, showed the severity of postfracture damage (up to 99%), which could be restored up to 95% on enzyme treatment depending on the treatment protocol and the type of fracturing gel used.

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“…Water shut-off is performed to reduce the permeability of fractures by injecting chemical agents, such as gelant, into them, thus preventing water invasion. Ghosh et al (2020) presented experimental results of water shut-off and noted that the reservoir matrix must be well protected while plugging fractures. To achieve this, different agents may need to be injected into the reservoir at different times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Simulation for Water Invasion and Water Control Optimization in Water Drive Gas Reservoirs

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The development of water drive gas reservoirs (WDGRs) with fractures or strong heterogeneity is severely influenced by water invasion. Accurately simulating the rules of water invasion and drainage gas recovery countermeasures in fractured WDGRs, thereby revealing the mechanism of water invasion and an appropriate development strategy, is important for formulating water management measures and enhancing the recovery of gas reservoirs. In this work, physical simulation methods were proposed to gain a better understanding of water invasion and to optimize the water control of fractured WDGRs. Five groups of experiments were designed and conducted to probe the impacts of the distance between the fractures and the gas well, the drainage position, the drainage timing and the aquifer size on the water invasion and production performance of a gas reservoir. The gas and water production and the internal pressure drop were monitored in real time during the experiments. Based on the above experimental works, a theoretical analysis was conducted to quantitatively evaluate the performance of the gas reservoir recovery via the gas well production performance, water invasion, dynamic pressure drop and residual gas and water distribution analysis. The results show that when the fracture scale was appropriate, a gas well drilled close to a fracture (Experiment 1–3) or a high-permeability formation could also produce gas and achieve drainage efficiently. The recovery factor of Experiment 1–3 reached 62.5%, which was 24.6% and 21.1% higher than those of Experiments 1–1 and 1–2, respectively, which had wells drilled in low-permeability areas. Draining water near an aquifer can effectively inhibit water invasion during the early stage of gas recovery. The setup in Experiment 2 − 1 effectively inhibited water invasion and avoided the formation of water-sealed volumes of gas to recover 30% more gas than recovered with that of Experiment 1–1 without drainage wells. A shorter distance between the drainage well and the aquifer increased the drainage capacity and decreased the gas production capacity, respectively (Well 2 at Point A vs Point B). A larger aquifer had a lower gas recovery, which reduced the economic benefit. For example, due to an infinitely large aquifer, the reserves in Experiment 4 − 1 were developed by a single well, the gas recovery was only 33.4%. These research results are expected to be beneficial for the preparation of development plans and the optimization of water control measures for WDGRs.

show abstract

Controlling excess water production in fractured carbonate reservoirs: chemical zonal protection design

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Physical simulation for water invasion and water control optimization in water drive gas reservoirs

Physical simulation for water invasion and water control optimization in water drive gas reservoirs

Delayed Breaker Systems To Remove Residual Polymer Damage in Hydraulically Fractured Reservoirs

Physical Simulation for Water Invasion and Water Control Optimization in Water Drive Gas Reservoirs

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