Controlling intrusive thoughts of future fears under stress

Ashton, Stephanie M.; Smeets, Tom; Quaedflieg, Conny W.E.M.

doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100582

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 60 publications

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“…Without correcting feedback, simulation-based learning may thus contribute to the maintenance of various affective disorders (56, 57). Sometimes it may thus be more beneficial for one’s wellbeing to stop simulating hypothetical events (51, 58, 59).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning from imagined experiences via an endogenous prediction error

Dabas,

Bruckner,

Schultz

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Experiences shape preferences. This is particularly the case when they deviate from our expectations and thus elicit prediction errors. Here we show that prediction errors do not only occur in response to actual events – they also arise endogenously in response to merely imagined events. Specifically, we show that people acquire a preference for acquaintances as they imagine interacting with them in unexpectedly pleasant situations. This learning can best be accounted for by a computational model that calculates prediction errors based on these rewarding experiences. Using functional MRI, we show that the prediction error is mediated via striatal activity. This activity, in turn, seems to update preferences about the individuals by updating their cortical representations. Our findings demonstrate that imaginings can violate our own expectations and thus drive endogenous learning by coopting a neural system that implements reinforcement learning. They reveal fundamental principles how we acquire knowledge devoid of actual experiences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning from imagined experiences via an endogenous prediction error

Dabas,

Bruckner,

Schultz

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Dietary curcumin supplementation attenuates hepatic damage and function abnormality in a chronic corticosterone-induced stress model in broilers

Shan,

Xu,

Wang

et al. 2024

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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Stressing out! Effects of acute stress on prepulse inhibition and working memory

Santos‐Carrasco,

De la Casa

2024

Psychophysiology

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Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex serves as a pre‐cognitive marker of sensorimotor gating, and its deficit may predict cognitive impairments. Startle reflex is modulated by many factors. Among them, stress has been a topic of interest, but its effects on both pre‐cognitive and cognitive variables continue to yield divergent results. This study aims to analyze the effect of acute stress on PPI of the startle reflex and cognitive function (working memory, attention, inhibition, and verbal fluency). Participants were exposed to the MAST stress induction protocol or a stress‐neutral task: stress group (n = 54) or control group (n = 54). Following stress induction, participants' startle responses were recorded, and cognition was assessed. The results revealed that participants in the stress group exhibited greater startle magnitude, lower PPI, and lower scores in working memory tests compared with the control group. Additionally, a correlation was found between working memory and PPI across all the participants, independent of stress group. These findings support the notion that after stress, both greater startle magnitude and diminished PPI could play an adaptive role by allowing for increased processing of stimuli potentially dangerous and stress‐related. Similarly, our results lend support to the hypothesis that lower PPI may be predictive of cognitive impairment. Considering the impact of stress on both pre‐cognitive (PPI) and cognitive (working memory) variables, we discuss the possibility that the effect of stress on PPI occurs through motivational priming and emphasize the relevance of considering stress in both basic and translational science.

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Controlling intrusive thoughts of future fears under stress

Cited by 4 publications

References 60 publications

Learning from imagined experiences via an endogenous prediction error

Learning from imagined experiences via an endogenous prediction error

Dietary curcumin supplementation attenuates hepatic damage and function abnormality in a chronic corticosterone-induced stress model in broilers

Stressing out! Effects of acute stress on prepulse inhibition and working memory

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