Controlling Lead Concentrations in Human Blood by Regulating the Use of Lead in Gasoline

Storch, Hans von; Hagner, Charlotte

doi:10.1579/0044-7447-33.3.126

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Probably due to the fact that the sampling date of these latter studies is prior to ours. The decreasing use of leaded gasoline and, to a lesser extent, the control of industrial emissions in industrialized countries over the last few decades have contributedted to a widespread decrease in blood lead concentrations in the general population (Bono et al, 1995;Hwang et al, 2004;Pino et al, 2004;von Storch et al, 2003;von Storch et al, 2004). Unfortunately, as this is the first study performed at a national level, we cannot demonstrate a reduction in blood lead levels in the Spanish population on a country basis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Blood lead levels in a representative sample of the Spanish adult population: The BIOAMBIENT.ES project

Cañas

Cervantes-Amat

Esteban

et al. 2014

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Blood lead levels in a representative sample of the Spanish adult population: The BIOAMBIENT.ES project

Cañas

Cervantes-Amat

Esteban

et al. 2014

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

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“…Pb is a most hazardous heavy metal whose concentration in the atmosphere, soils, and waters underwent a striking worldwide increase during the 20th century associated with the development of the automobile industry and the generalized use of leaded gasolines until their banning in the 1980s [6,7]. Other industrial activities like the production of ammunition, batteries, pigments, and certain glasses have also contributed anthropogenic Pb inputs to the hydrosphere and the biosphere [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Pb from Water: The Effectiveness of Gypsum and Calcite Mixtures

2021

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Anthropogenic lead pollution is an environmental problem that threatens the quality of soils and waters and endangers living organisms in numerous surface and subsurface habitats. Lead coprecipitation on mineral surfaces through dissolution-recrystallization processes has long-term effects on lead bioavailability. Gypsum and calcite are among the most abundant and reactive rock forming minerals present in numerous geological settings. In this work, we studied the interaction of slightly acidic (pHi = 5.5) Pb-bearing aqueous solutions ([Pb]i = 1 and 10 mM) with crystals of gypsum and/or calcite under atmospheric conditions. This interaction resulted in a reduction of the concentration of lead in the liquid phase due to the precipitation of newly formed Pb-bearing solid phases. The extent of this Pb removal mainly depended on the nature of the primary mineral phase involved in the interaction. Thus, when gypsum was the only solid phase initially present in the system, the Pb-bearing liquid-gypsum interaction resulted in Pb removals in the 98–99.8% range, regardless of [Pb]i. In contrast, when the interaction took place with calcite, Pb removal strongly depended on [Pb]i. It reached 99% when [Pb]i = 1 mM, while it was much more modest (~13%) when [Pb]i = 10 mM. Interestingly, Pb-removal was maximized for both [Pb]i (99.9% for solutions with [Pb]i = 10 mM and 99.7% for solutions with [Pb]i = 1 mM) when Pb-polluted solutions simultaneously interacted with gypsum and calcite crystals. Despite the large Pb removals found in most of the cases studied, the final Pb concentration ([Pb]f) in the liquid phase was always well above the maximum permitted in drinking water (0.01 ppm), with the minimum ([Pb]f = 0.7 ppm) being obtained for solutions with [Pb]i = 1 mM after their interaction with mixtures of gypsum and calcite crystals. This result suggests that integrating the use of mixtures of gypsum-calcite crystals might help to develop more efficient strategies for in-situ decontaminating Pb-polluted waters through mineral coprecipitation processes.

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“…Pb is a most hazardous heavy metal whose concentration in the atmosphere, soils and waters underwent a striking worldwide increase during the XX th century associated to the development of the automobile industry and the generalized use of leaded gasolines until their banning in the 1980's [6,7]. Other industrial activities like the production of ammunition, batteries, pigments, and certain glasses have also contributed anthropogenic Pb inputs to the hydrosphere and the biosphere [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Pb from Water: the Effectiveness of Gypsum and Calcite Mixtures

Llera¹,

Jiménez²,

Fernández-Dı́az³

2020

Preprint

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Anthropogenic lead pollution is an environmental problem that threatens the quality of soils and waters and endangers living organisms in numerous surface and subsurface habitats. Lead coprecipitation on mineral surfaces through dissolution-recrystallization processes has long term effects on lead bioavailability. Gypsum and calcite are among the most abundant and reactive rock forming minerals present in numerous geological settings. In this work, we study the interaction of slightly acidic (pHi = 5.5) Pb-bearing aqueous solutions ([Pb]i = 1 mM and 10 mM) with crystals of gypsum and /or calcite under atmospheric conditions. This interaction results in a reduction of the concentration of lead in the liquid phase due to the precipitation of newly formed Pb-bearing solid phases. The extent of this Pb removal mainly depends on the nature of the primary mineral phase involved in the interaction. Thus, when gypsum is the only solid phase initially present in the system the Pb-bearing liquid-gypsum interaction results in Pb removals in the 98-99.8 % range, regardless of [Pb]i. In contrast, when the interaction takes place with calcite, Pb removal strongly depends on [Pb]i. It reaches 99% when [Pb]i = 1 mM while it is much more modest (⁓13%) when [Pb]i = 10 mM. Interestingly, Pb-removal is maximized for both [Pb]i (99.9 % for solutions with [Pb]i = 10 mM and 99.7% for solutions with [Pb]i = 1 mM) when Pb-polluted solutions simultaneously interact with gypsum and calcite crystals. Despite the large Pb removals found in most of the cases studied, the final Pb concentration ([Pb]f) in the liquid phase always is well above the maximum permitted in drinking water (0.1 ppm), with the minimum ([Pb]f = 0.7 ppm) being obtained for solutions with [Pb]i =1 mM after their interaction with mixtures of gypsum and calcite crystals. This result suggests that integrating the use of mixtures of gypsum-calcite crystals might help to develop more efficient strategies for in-situ decontaminating Pb-polluted waters through mineral coprecipitation processes.

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Controlling Lead Concentrations in Human Blood by Regulating the Use of Lead in Gasoline

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Blood lead levels in a representative sample of the Spanish adult population: The BIOAMBIENT.ES project

Blood lead levels in a representative sample of the Spanish adult population: The BIOAMBIENT.ES project

Removal of Pb from Water: The Effectiveness of Gypsum and Calcite Mixtures

Removal of Pb from Water: the Effectiveness of Gypsum and Calcite Mixtures

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