Controlling of overfilling in food processing

Ridgway, J.S; Henthorn, K.S.; Hull, J.B.

doi:10.1016/s0924-0136(99)00114-4

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Packaging plays an essential part in food protection and thus can reduce FLW. Examples include non-adequate packaging (too large packaging sizes, inappropriate material, contaminated packaging, technical failures in the packaging process) [43][44][45]48,50,51,[55][56][57][58][59][60] or packaging that is too difficult to open [52,53] or to empty [39,54] so that its contents spill or are left in the package. Packaging saves food by mechanical protection or prolong its shelf life by a material with good barrier properties [76], through the use of modified atmosphere packaging [77] and, in the future, by intelligent or active packaging through the dynamic display of its microbiological status [82].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an automatic filling process, losses can occur when packaging and filling machines are not well matched or if there is a malfunction of the machinery, e.g., resulting in bottle overfilling [46]. As there are strict requirements for food companies on the filling level, companies tend to overfill rather than underfill their containers [48]. Furthermore, losses can occur due to the batch process itself and corrections that are needed before the filling machine can run correctly [47].…”

Section: Pflw In the Supply Chainmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues

et al. 2019

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Packaging is often criticized as a symbol of today’s throwaway society, as it is mostly made of plastic, which is in itself quite controversial, and is usually used only once. However, as packaging’s main function is to protect its content and 30% of all food produced worldwide is lost or wasted along the supply chain, optimized packaging may be one of the solutions to reduce this staggering amount. Developing countries struggle with losses in the supply chain before food reaches the consumer. Here, appropriate packaging may help to protect food and prolong its shelf life so that it safely reaches these households. In developed countries, food tends to be wasted rather at the household’s level due to wasteful behavior. There, packaging may be one of the drivers due to inappropriate packaging sizes and packaging that is difficult to empty. When discussing the sustainability of packaging, its protective function is often neglected and only revolves around the type and amount of material used for production. In this review, drivers, issues, and implications of packaging-related food losses and waste (FLW) are discussed, as well as the implication for the implementation in life cycle assessments (LCA).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pflw In the Supply Chainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues

et al. 2019

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“…This occurs across all sectors of the food processing industry. Examples include slaughtering and processing losses in the meat industry [47], cutting and trimming losses [73], losses due to production errors and rudimentary control measures [9,74,75], processing waste (e.g., pastry trimmings, overfilling losses) [76], and failure of the heat seal on packaged food [47].…”

Section: Fw Drivers Related To Collateral Effects Of Modern Technologmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Waste Drivers in Europe, from Identification to Possible Interventions

Canali

Amani

Aramyan³

et al. 2016

Sustainability

175

224

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Abstract:The growing volumes of food globally lost or wasted and implications for food security and sustainability have raised the concern of researchers, governments, international organizations and grass-root movements. Much research and experiences investigating food waste causes and drivers focus on one specific segment of the food supply chain and limit the analysis to the situation of one or few countries, while the few studies of wider geographical scope also target other relevant and diversified objectives (e.g., food waste definition, quantification, environmental and economic impacts, and recommendations for interventions). This study, carried out by a network of European institutions involved in research and initiatives against food waste, focuses on the analysis of a broad area, Europe, through a wide and systematic literature review and consultation with stakeholders in international focus groups. The food supply chain was divided into seven segments and three main contexts were defined for the examination of food waste sources: Technological, Institutional (related to organisational factors, i.e., business management, economy, legislation, and policy), and Social (related to consumers' behaviours and lifestyles). Results suggest a wide and multifaceted problem, interconnected across all stages of the food supply chain, from primary production, to final consumption. Within each context, the identified drivers have been grouped according to the possibilities and the type of interventions for food waste reduction. A final cross-contextual prioritization distinguished food waste sources related to (A) inherent characteristics of food; (B) social and economic factors; (C) individual non-readily changeable behaviours; (D) other priorities targeted by private and public stakeholders; (E) diversified factors, such as mismanagement, inefficient legislation, lack of awareness or information; and sub-optimal use of available technologies, which could be more promptly changed. Such diversification of causes calls for specific monitoring systems, targeted policy measures, and actions of individual stakeholders at each stage of the food supply chain.

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“…Then valve is closed by control system. After filling the bottles are taken to the crowner or capper where they sealed [10]. In the bottle filling system, only one limit switch was used to detect the position of the bottle.…”

Section: Automatic Bottle Filling Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

Static Application Panels (SAP) Controlled by PLC

Mathavi¹,

Dhivya²,

Sujatha³

et al. 2013

IJAIS

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Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a digital computer for automation of process such as control of instruments in industries. It uses a programmable memory to store instructions and specific functions that include ON/OFF control, timing, counting, sequencing, arithmetic, and data handling. The basic parts include processor, input/output devices, memory unit, programming panel and power supply. Static Application Panels are designed to produce input and output from the PLC. Early electrical control systems were composed of mainly relays and switches. A relay, or contactor, is an electromagnetic device composed of a frame (or core) with an electromagnet coil and contacts with some movable and some fixed parts. Due to its disadvantages like chattering, complicated wiring and less flexibility relays are replaced by PLC. The SAP panels and ladder programmes were developed for automatic bottle filling machine, water level controller, logic gates and counter and comparator. Ladder programme is downloaded into PLC and verified with SAP model. According to the condition and comments provided in the ladder programme the SAP model works, if any deviation in the comments provided and this can be modified in the ladder diagram. This paper explain about the PLC, SAP model and ladder diagram designed for bottle filling machine, water level controller, logic gates and counter and comparator.

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Controlling of overfilling in food processing

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues

Packaging-Related Food Losses and Waste: An Overview of Drivers and Issues

Food Waste Drivers in Europe, from Identification to Possible Interventions

Static Application Panels (SAP) Controlled by PLC

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