Controlling the Antimicrobial Action of Surface Modified Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles

Abstract

Magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles (Mg(OH)2NPs) have recently attracted significant attention due to their wide applications as environmentally friendly antimicrobial nanomaterials, with potentially low toxicity and low fabrication cost. Here, we describe the synthesis and characterisation of a range of surface modified Mg(OH)2NPs, including particle size distribution, crystallite size, zeta potential, isoelectric point, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We explored the antimicrobial activity of the modified Mg(OH)2NPs on the microalgae (C. reinhardtii), yeast (S. cerevisiae) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The viability of these cells was evaluated for various concentrations and exposure times with Mg(OH)2NPs. It was discovered that the antimicrobial activity of the uncoated Mg(OH)2NPs on the viability of C. reinhardtii occurred at considerably lower particle concentrations than for S. cerevisiae and E. coli. Our results indicate that the antimicrobial activity of polyelectrolyte-coated Mg(OH)2NPs alternates with their surface charge. The anionic nanoparticles (Mg(OH)2NPs/PSS) have much lower antibacterial activity than the cationic ones (Mg(OH)2NPs/PSS/PAH and uncoated Mg(OH)2NPs). These findings could be explained by the lower adhesion of the Mg(OH)2NPs/PSS to the cell wall, because of electrostatic repulsion and the enhanced particle-cell adhesion due to electrostatic attraction in the case of cationic Mg(OH)2NPs. The results can be potentially applied to control the cytotoxicity and the antimicrobial activity of other inorganic nanoparticles.

Chitosan hydrogel/silk fibroin/Mg(OH)2 nanobiocomposite as a novel scaffold with antimicrobial activity and improved mechanical properties

“…Research studies have been determined that nano materials can be applied in functional composites, catalysts, sensors, semiconductors, microelectronics and as well, medical use 39 . In this context, the development of biocompatible magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles (Mg(OH) 2 NPs) as potent antibacterial and antifungal agents have been attracted great interests of scientists 40 . These nano-scale particles can be efficiently used in pharmaceutical formulations 41 – 43 .…”

Smart active antibiotic nanocarriers with protease surface functionality can overcome biofilms of resistant bacteria

“…A variety of different NPs such as Au NPs, silica NPs, Mg(OH) 2 NPs and CuONPs have all been shown to demonstrate increased toxicity towards bacteria. [20][21][22][23][24]45 AgNPs has been researched in anti-biofilm treatments due to the silver ions intrinsic antimicrobial property. 25,43 Nanocarriers for antimicrobial agents have also been shown to increase their efficacy against a wide range of microorganisms, including resistant species [26][27][28][29] and deliver drugs specifically to a bacterial target.…”

Investigating the Potential of the Essential Oil Nanoemulsion of Zataria multiflora Boiss. on the Gene Expression of stx1A and stx2A in Escherichia coli as a Foodborne Pathogen

“…The data from several previous studies indicated that nano-particle size is a key parameter for maximal antimicrobial activity and smaller particles cause further penetration into the microbial cell. 23,24 In the present study, zataria NEO droplets had a mean diameter of 61.5 nm, which seems to provide considerable penetration of droplets throughout the microbial cell wall. In this research, the MIC and MBCs of zataria EO and NEO were lower than those of Masoomi et al, indicating 2.5 mg/mL.…”