Controlling the Dimensionality of Charge Transport in an Organic Electrochemical Transistor by Capacitive Coupling

Larsson, Oscar; Laiho, Ari; Schmickler, Wolfgang; Berggren, Magnus; Crispin, Xavier

doi:10.1002/adma.201103131

Cited by 59 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Negative [TFSA] − ions on the semiconductor side diffuse into the P3HT semiconductor fi lm where they balance the charge of induced holes. [ 9,17,18 ] Switching the gate voltage back below V th results in diffusion of anions out of the P3HT and concomitant hole depletion. Device operation proceeds by the reversible electrochemical doping and de-doping of the semiconductor channel upon application and removal of a gate bias, respectively.…”

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Aerosol Jet Printed, Sub‐2 V Complementary Circuits Constructed from P‐ and N‐Type Electrolyte Gated Transistors

Hong

Kim

et al. 2014

Advanced Materials

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Printed low-voltage complementary inverters based on electrolyte gated transistors are demonstrated. The printed complementary inverters showed gain of 18 and power dissipation below 10 nW. 5-stage ring oscillators operate at 2 V with an oscillation frequency of 2.2 kHz, corresponding to stage delays of less than 50 μs. The printed circuits exhibit good stability under continuous dynamic operation.

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confidence: 99%

Aerosol Jet Printed, Sub‐2 V Complementary Circuits Constructed from P‐ and N‐Type Electrolyte Gated Transistors

Hong

Kim

et al. 2014

Advanced Materials

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“…The difference between these two modes is the dimensionality of electrostatic doping and electronic transport. The control of the mode of operation can impart aspects of both interfacial and bulk operation that are mutually advantageous (17)(18)(19)(20), or can allow one mode to dominate, simplifying analysis and implementation. Interfacial operation can be achieved by eliminating any opportunity for ion ingress into the transistor channel by making the channel material impenetrable Significance Side-chain engineering is a versatile tool to modify the processability, as well as the physical, electrical, and optical properties, of conjugated polymers.…”

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Controlling the mode of operation of organic transistors through side-chain engineering

Giovannitti

Sbircea

Inal

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

429

635

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Electrolyte-gated organic transistors offer low bias operation facilitated by direct contact of the transistor channel with an electrolyte. Their operation mode is generally defined by the dimensionality of charge transport, where a field-effect transistor allows for electrostatic charge accumulation at the electrolyte/semiconductor interface, whereas an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) facilitates penetration of ions into the bulk of the channel, considered a slow process, leading to volumetric doping and electronic transport. Conducting polymer OECTs allow for fast switching and high currents through incorporation of excess, hygroscopic ionic phases, but operate in depletion mode. Here, we show that the use of glycolated side chains on a thiophene backbone can result in accumulation mode OECTs with high currents, transconductance, and sharp subthreshold switching, while maintaining fast switching speeds. Compared with alkylated analogs of the same backbone, the triethylene glycol side chains shift the mode of operation of aqueous electrolyte-gated transistors from interfacial to bulk doping/transport and show complete and reversible electrochromism and high volumetric capacitance at low operating biases. We propose that the glycol side chains facilitate hydration and ion penetration, without compromising electronic mobility, and suggest that this synthetic approach can be used to guide the design of organic mixed conductors.organic electronics | electrochemical transistor | semiconducting polymers

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“…This is indicative of very slow modulation caused by electrochemical doping. [19,20] The transfer curve was measured at 0.5 mV/s. The turn-on voltage for the 100:0 device lies around zero volt and the on/off-ratio is higher than 10 6 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion-modulated transistors on paper using phase-separated semiconductor/insulator blends

et al. 2014

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We have used phase-separated poly(3-hexyltiophene) (P3HT)/poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) blends to fabricate low-voltage ion-modulated transistors on a rough paper substrate. The semiconductor and insulator are mixed together in a solution and spin casted onto the paper substrate. Owing to their different solubilities and surface energies the P3HT and PLLA will phase separate vertically during the spinning process creating a thin layer of semiconductor on top of the insulator. This thin semiconductor layer, difficult to achieve by other means on an absorbing paper substrate, creates faster ion-modulated transistors. Using this approach we have created ring-oscillators on paper oscillating at 5 Hz.

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Controlling the Dimensionality of Charge Transport in an Organic Electrochemical Transistor by Capacitive Coupling

Cited by 59 publications

References 31 publications

Aerosol Jet Printed, Sub‐2 V Complementary Circuits Constructed from P‐ and N‐Type Electrolyte Gated Transistors

Aerosol Jet Printed, Sub‐2 V Complementary Circuits Constructed from P‐ and N‐Type Electrolyte Gated Transistors

Controlling the mode of operation of organic transistors through side-chain engineering

Ion-modulated transistors on paper using phase-separated semiconductor/insulator blends

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