Controlling the hierarchical microstructure of bioceramic scaffolds by 3D printing of emulsion inks

Liu, Quyang; Li, Tian; Gan, Soo Wah; Chang, Soon Yee; Yen, Ching Chiuan; Zhai, Wei

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2022.103332

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…[21] However, the finding of the presence of both macro-and micropores in spongy bone has inspired the development of scaffolds with multiscale porosity. [22][23][24] This will be the topic of our review.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adem202201743mentioning

confidence: 99%

Glass, Ceramic, Polymeric, and Composite Scaffolds with Multiscale Porosity for Bone Tissue Engineering

Jeyachandran

Cerruti

2023

Adv Eng Mater

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Porosity affects performance of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering both in vitro and in vivo. Macropores (i.e., pores with a diameter >100 μm) are essential for cellular infiltration; micropores (i.e., pores with a diameter of 1–10 μm) promote cell adhesion and facilitate nutrient absorption. Scaffolds containing both macropores and micropores exploit the advantages of both pore sizes and have excellent osteogenic properties. Nanopores (i.e., pores with a diameter of 1–50 nm) can be included as well, to improve cell–material interactions by further enhancing the surface area of the scaffold. This article reviews fabrication techniques and properties of scaffolds with multiscale porosity, focusing on glass, ceramic, polymeric, and composite scaffolds. After discussing the structure of bone and how it inspired scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, pore nomenclature is introduced. Then, the techniques used to induce multiscale porosity, the nature of the pores created, and the effects of scaffold porosity on mechanical properties and biological activity of the scaffolds are discussed. The review concludes by providing an outlook for this field, including advancements that are made possible by computational modeling and artificial intelligence.

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Section: Doi: 101002/adem202201743mentioning

confidence: 99%

Glass, Ceramic, Polymeric, and Composite Scaffolds with Multiscale Porosity for Bone Tissue Engineering

Jeyachandran

Cerruti

2023

Adv Eng Mater

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“…Liu et al printed hierarchical porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds with emulsion inks and demonstrated effective microstructural control. [ 173 ] Figure 7d shows ink formulations, which included Pluronic F‐127 and different oil phase volume ratios to change the microporosity and pore morphology. Mechanical compression tests and in vitro cell assays were used to evaluate the mechanical and biological properties of the controlled hierarchical porous lattices.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biopolymer Composites Material Extrusion and their Applications: A Review

Li,

Yang,

Elias

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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Advances in additive manufacturing are leading to the emergence of new printable applications, including sensors for healthcare monitoring and bioengineering scaffolds. Research is driven by designing new printable inks including composites that can be extruded and respond to changes in their surroundings and patterning these materials on the microscale. In modern printing techniques, an emerging modified three‐dimensional (3D) printing method: materials extrusion has been utilized for customizable electronics because of its high compatibility with various inks, low cost, and versatility to different levels of complexity. Material extrusion enables not only the printing of 2D and 3D architecture of the electrode structure but also the bioprinting of structures such as conductive scaffolds. In this review, fundamental insights into rational printable ink formulation including colloidal suspensions, gels, polymer melts, composites, printing criteria, processes, and applications toward printable electronics using composites composed of nanomaterials and biopolymers are fully discussed. New manufacturing insights on how to further improve the resolution and simplify the printing process of responsive materials are discussed, which have not been seen in currently published representative reviews. It is envisioned that this review provides high scientific merits to readers working in wearable devices, biological smart materials, and flexible nanoelectronics.

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“…We fabricated BCene nanosheets into flexible bioceramic scaffolds using 3D printing with the addition of small amount of sodium alginate (SA) (Figure a). As we all known, ceramics are delicate and brittle, which extremely limits their application . Compared with the traditional AKT nanoparticles, BCene nanosheets have a larger specific surface area and can better interact with SA (Figure S3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As we all known, ceramics are delicate and brittle, which extremely limits their application. 28 Compared with the traditional AKT nanoparticles, BCene nanosheets have a larger specific surface area and can better interact with SA (Figure S3). With the help of nanosheets, the printed BCene scaffold exhibited decent flexibility (Figure 3c).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Universal Chelation-Induced Selective Demetallization Strategy for Bioceramic Nanosheets (BCene)

Liu

Cao

et al. 2023

Nano Lett.

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The emergence of nanosheet materials like graphene and phosphorene, which are created by breaking the interlayer van der Waals force, has revolutionized multiple fields. Layered inorganic materials are ubiquitous in materials like bioceramics, semiconductors, superconductors, etc. However, the strong interlayer covalent or ionic bonding in these crystals makes it difficult to fabricate nanosheets from them. In this study, we present a simple technique to produce nanosheets from layered crystals by selectively exfoliating their interlayer metal atoms using the metal-chelation reaction. As a proof of concept, we successfully produced bioceramic nanosheets (BCene) by extracting Ca layers from Akermanite (AKT). The 3D-printed BCene scaffolds exhibited superior mechanical strength and in vitro bioactivity compared to the scaffolds made from AKT nanopowders. Our findings demonstrate the outstanding potential of BCene nanosheets in tissue engineering. Additionally, the selective demetallization technique for nanosheet production could be applied to other inorganic layered crystals to optimize their performance.

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Controlling the hierarchical microstructure of bioceramic scaffolds by 3D printing of emulsion inks

Cited by 9 publications

References 54 publications

Glass, Ceramic, Polymeric, and Composite Scaffolds with Multiscale Porosity for Bone Tissue Engineering

Glass, Ceramic, Polymeric, and Composite Scaffolds with Multiscale Porosity for Bone Tissue Engineering

Biopolymer Composites Material Extrusion and their Applications: A Review

A Universal Chelation-Induced Selective Demetallization Strategy for Bioceramic Nanosheets (BCene)

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