Controlling the Pyrenees: a Macaque’s Burial from Late Antique Iulia Libica (Llívia, La Cerdanya, Spain)

Olesti, Oriol; Guàrdia, Jordi; Maragall, Marta; Mercadal, Oriol; Galbany, Jordi; Nadal, J.

doi:10.1163/9789004252585_023

Cited by 4 publications

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“…The archaeological information suggested that this macaque lived between the 5th and 6th centuries AD [Guàrdia et al, 2007;Olesti et al, 2013], and the radiometric date obtained from a rib was 1,530 ± 30 BP (or AD 515 ± 85). The skeletal traits ascribed the specimen to a subadult male with fully erupted dentition (except for the third molars), despite unfinished growth in some dental roots and some free centres of ossification with non-fused epiphyses in the postcranial skeleton.…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These traits suggest that the specimen died at the age of 5.5 years. The absence of dental hypoplasia could indicate that this animal did not suffer episodes of alimentary stress during growth, probably because it was not a wild animal [Guàrdia et al, 2007;Olesti et al, 2013]. The skull (NHML 1977.3119) of the Navan Fort specimen has been dated between the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age (between approx.…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…By employing a morphological model of lower molars quantified in 2 dimensions, we were able to identify the species of 2 archaeological macaques previously defined from standard odontometric and osteometric analysis [Guàrdia et al, 2007;Olesti et al, 2013]. The analyses indicated that the archaeological specimens were accurately classified into Macaca at the genus level.…”

Section: Taxonomic Affiliation Of Archaeological Macaquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dental Shape Variability in Cercopithecoid Primates: A Model for the Taxonomic Attribution of Macaques from Roman Archaeological Contexts

Delgado¹,

Gamarra

Nadal³

et al. 2015

IJFP

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Morphometric variation of biological structures has been widely used to determine taxonomic affinities among taxa, and teeth are especially informative for both deep phylogenetic relationships and specific ecological signals. We report 2-dimensional geometric morphometrics (GM) analyses of occlusal crown surfaces of lower molars (M₁, n = 141; M₂, n = 158) of cercopithecoid primate species. A 12-landmark configuration, including cusp tips and 8 points of the molar crown contour, were used to evaluate patterns of variation in lower molar shape among cercopithecoid primates and to predict the taxonomic attribution of 2 archaeological macaques from Roman time periods. The results showed that the lower molar shape of cercopithecoid primates reflects taxonomic affinities, mostly at a subfamily level and close to a tribe level. Thus, the cusp positions and crown contour were important elements of the pattern related to interspecific variation. Additionally, the archaeological specimens, attributed to Macaca sylvanus based on osteological information, were classified using the GM molar shape variability of the cercopithecoid primates studied. The results suggest that their molar shape resembled both M. sylvanus and M. nemestrina, and species attribution varied depending on the comparative sample used.

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Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Taxonomic Affiliation Of Archaeological Macaquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dental Shape Variability in Cercopithecoid Primates: A Model for the Taxonomic Attribution of Macaques from Roman Archaeological Contexts

Delgado¹,

Gamarra

Nadal³

et al. 2015

IJFP

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“…En olèrdola se halló un suido en el fondo de un silo que nunca fue colmatado 92 . singular es sin duda la inhumación de un macaco (Macaca Sylvanus) en Iulia Libica (Llívia, cerdanya) ataviado con cadenas y grilletes decorados con adornos en bronze, puestos en relación con una supuesta indumentaria militar que pudo vestir al animal en la segunda mitad del siglo V (datación radiocarbónica calibrada 430-600) 93 . Los investigadores creen que se trata de un animal de compañía o mascota vinculada al asentamiento militar, castrum, de Puig del castell, que pudo tomar parte en la celebración de los ludii campamentales documentados ya en época romana 94 ( fig.…”

unclassified

Cura mortuorum en el nordeste de la Península Ibérica, siglos IV al XII d.C.

Ripoll¹,

Capella²

2015

Territ. soc. poder

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Cura mortuorumen el nordeste de la Península ibérica, siglos iV al Xii d.c. Resumen: En el presente trabajo presentamos la dinámica del culto a los muertos en el nordeste de la Península ibérica a partir de pruebas arqueológicas y textuales entre los siglos iV y Xii. Los problemas tratados se inscriben en una perspectiva general que permiten contextualizar y comprender las manifestaciones funerarias del este de la antigua Tarraconense analizando el vocabulario así como aspectos historiográficos y arqueológicos, que facilitan la comprensión de los antiguos ritos funerarios. Para reconstruir la significación del espacio hemos acotado el estudio de las necrópolis a su localización respecto al hábitat y la iglesia, delimitación y organización interna, topografía de las sepulturas, habitaciones funerarias y mausoleos, circulación y señalización de las tumbas, complejidad tipológica y problemas de datación. El nordeste peninsular ofrece, en el paso de la antigüedad tardía al mundo medieval, un gran abanico de ejemplos, tanto urbanos como rurales, que permiten acercarnos a la muerte y como el hombre se enfrentó a ella.Palabras clave: antigüedad tardía. alta Edad Media. arqueología funeraria. culto a los muertos.Abstract: This paper on the cura mortuorum will focus on the cult of the dead according to the archaeological and documentary evidence in the northeastern iberian Peninsula during the 4th to 12th centuries. The problems examined correspond to a precise territory and period but also form part of a wider overview which aims to contextualize and understand funerary practices in the northeast of what was roman Tarraconensis. observations of the vocabulary as well as historiographical and archaeological aspects, all of which provide a means to understand ancient funerary rites, will be explored so as to reconstruct the nature of space in the context of the burial of the dead. a number of significant problems relevant for the study of cemeteries follow: the site, location with respect to settlement and churches, boundaries and internal organization, the topography of burials, funerary chambers and mausolea, circulation between the burials, and identification of the tombs, as well as the complexity of the typology and dating problems. The northeastern iberian Peninsula, in the transition from Late antiquity to the Middle ages, offers a wide range of examples, some well studied, which, despite the heterogeneity of the urban and rural corpus, allows us to reconstruct death and how man faced it, recalling the title of the well known work by Ph. airès, L'homme devant la mort (1977). death, in the christian West, was accompanied by ceremonies and rituals thoroughly dominated by the terror of the Final Judgment and of the apocalypse of the year 1000, a destiny of catastrophe which forced society to live in a world of guilt and culpability in the face of the ever nearing end of the world.

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New data on non‐human primates from the ancient Near East: The recent discovery of a rhesus macaque burial at Shahr‐i Sokhta (Iran)

Minniti

Sajjadi²

2019

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Shahr‐i Sokhta (Iran) was an important urban settlement in the Near East between the end of the fourth millennium and the beginning of the second millennium BC. It entertained trade and cultural relations with ancient sites and cultures on the Indus Plain, southern shores of the Persian Gulf and of the Oman Sea, Southwest Iran, and Central Asia. The recent discovery of a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) burial in the cemetery of site shed new light on the exploitation of monkeys in antiquity. A young rhesus macaque—around 5 years old at death—was buried in the necropolis according to the same funerary practices used for human infants. The monkey was buried in a simple pit, together with an unpainted pear‐shaped beaker. Both its femurs were pathological, due to a sort of dystrophic calcification of the tendon or muscle insertion, that may suggest the macaque was kept in captivity and died due to physical stress. No non‐human primate species is native of Iran; rhesus macaques inhabit parts of southern and south‐eastern regions of Central Asia. A possible provenance from the Indus valley of the macaque found at Shahr‐i Sokhta can be hypothesized. Although findings of monkey remains are rare, iconographic and written sources widely testify that non‐human primates were imported to the Near East in the fourth‐to‐second millennium BC as luxury animals and symbols of power, often as gifts for the elite. This discovery represents one of the earliest examples of monkeys being kept as pets.

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Controlling the Pyrenees: a Macaque’s Burial from Late Antique Iulia Libica (Llívia, La Cerdanya, Spain)

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Dental Shape Variability in Cercopithecoid Primates: A Model for the Taxonomic Attribution of Macaques from Roman Archaeological Contexts

Dental Shape Variability in Cercopithecoid Primates: A Model for the Taxonomic Attribution of Macaques from Roman Archaeological Contexts

Cura mortuorum en el nordeste de la Península Ibérica, siglos IV al XII d.C.

New data on non‐human primates from the ancient Near East: The recent discovery of a rhesus macaque burial at Shahr‐i Sokhta (Iran)

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