Controlling the sign and magnitude of the nonlinear susceptibility of poled glasses at room temperature

Maxwell–Wagner effect and second harmonic generation in gradient structures

“…We supposed this field is sufficient to induce the second order nonlinearity, that is, EFISH effect, for it is comparable with the frozen electric field in poled multicomponent glasses demonstrating SH generation. 29 Therefore, we expected comparable SH output, similarly to that reported by Reshetov et al 30 To verify this, we measured Maker fringe patterns for the slides not subjected to the voltage, both virgin and ionexchanged, and compared these with the ion-exchanged slides, to which the voltage was applied. Performed measurements of the SH generation in the ion-exchanged slides not subjected to the voltage, as expected, showed no additional increase in the SH signal relative to the virgin slides (see Figure 6A).…”

“…We compared observed SHG enhancement relative to the signal from virgin slides to the similar enhancement of widely studied thermally poled glasses. Reshetov et al 30 (10.1007/s10853-023-08729-4) reported that the SH signal from a thermally poled glass was approximately 120-times greater than the signal from a virgin glass (the kind of glass was the same as in the present study). Here, we observed about 150-fold enhancement of SHG (see Figure 6), though, in our rough estimations, these nonlinearities can be considered similar.…”

“…Therefore, ∫ 𝐸 MW dx ≈ ∫ 𝐸 TP dx, where 𝐸 MW is inner electric fields in the current case and 𝐸 TP corresponds to the case of the thermally poled glass. In Reshetov et al 30 potential drop in the depleted layer of the thermally poled glass ∫ 𝐸 TP 𝑑𝑥 was estimated as approximately 200 V. In our case, we can evaluate integral ∫ 𝐸 MW 𝑑𝑥 from Figure 4, which gives approximately 100 V. As a result, we got about twofold difference, which, nonetheless, seems acceptable, since estimations in Reshetov et al 30 are also rough. Therefore, numerical simulations presented, particularly, simulated distribution and values of inner electric field (up to ∼10 8 V m −1 , see Figure 4) and of the charge accumulated (up to ∼0.5…”

DC Voltage Induces Quadratic Optical Nonlinearity in Ion-Exchanged Glasses at Room Temperature

“…In this paper, we study a novel phenomenon-SON obtained in IE glasses subjected to DC voltage at room temperature, the nonlinearity being comparable with that of wellknown thermally poled glasses [5,16]. This phenomenon is intriguing because, first, SON being induced in glasses at room temperature has rarely been reported [17,18] (all the techniques mentioned above use thermally activated processes to form SON). Second, SON in IE glasses being controlled using DC voltage may offer new possibilities for their use in Appl.…”