Controversial Animal Tourism Considered from a Cultural Perspective

Abstract

<jats:p>An aspect of controversial animal tourism that has received little attention is its relationship with cultural tourism. The article presents a categorization of cultural tourism, and sports attractions and events related to the abuse of animals. It shows how tourists, driven by cultural omnivorousness and the wish to stand out from the crowd, eagerly enjoy controversial forms of animal tourism on their travel. In order to avoid the pitfall of western ethnocentrism ending in accusations of barbarism, the issue is also reflected on from an intercultural point of view, which helps to understand that local communities have different attitudes to animals and their wellbeing. In addition, a historical overview shows that ‘animal friendliness’ does not have a long tradition in western thinking about the human-animal relationship and is only of recent date. Sustainable solutions for controversial animal tourism have to be found by raising tourists’ awareness by means of information and education.</jats:p>

Martial Arts Tourism of the “Europe—Far East” Direction, in the Opinion of Grand Masters

“…None of the respondents pointed to the material forms of cultural heritage of martial arts as motives for trips. Thus, visiting historic buildings and exercise rooms [4,5] is marginal here. This more passive form of martial arts tourism, closer to standard cultural tourism, has no direct link to career paths and self-improvement in martial arts.…”

“…Martial arts tourism, as a form of cultural tourism, is part of a wider discussion on the useof free time, the relationship between work and leisure, and related self-realization [3][4][5]. In this way, it is similar to sports tourism.…”

How Sport Tourism Event Image Fit Enhances Residents’ Perceptions of Place Image and Their Quality of Life

“…In this case, the resident feels strongly that the image of the event matches the image of the social environment, so the event organizer has to consider the characters of the local community and the preference of the resident, so that the event can fit the place then achieve SDG 11-that is, a safe and inclusive human settlement. Furthermore, the image of the social environment can also facilitate the QOL of the residents; thus a sport tourism event is not only considered for the economic benefits attained by attracting tourists [75], but is also considered for a better social atmosphere to enhance the QOL to ensure achieving SGD 3, the health and well-being of the residents.…”

Sport Tourists’ Team Identification and Revisit Intention: Looking at the Relationship through a Nostalgic Lens

“…Over the past few decades, sport tourism has developed into a phenomenon of serious academic and practical importance (Malchrowicz-Mosko & Munsters, 2018). According to World Travel Market (2011), large-scale sporting events are now popular tourist attractions for those seeking active and lived experiences either as competing athletes or event attendees, as well as for those looking for passive sport-related activities such as visiting historic sport venues or museums (Malchrowicz-Mosko & Munsters, 2018). Consequentially, sport tourism is viewed as one of the most lucrative markets in tourism (Smith & Stevenson, 2009).…”