Controversies in renal anemia management

Abstract

Anemia plays a key role in generating excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. Among patients with end‐stage renal disease, low hemoglobin levels contribute to an increased rate of hospitalization and shortened survival.Several issues in the pathogenesis and management of renal anemia, including the use of recombinant erythropoietin, are controversial and unresolved. In addition, the management of anemia has major economic implications. Clarifying these issues ultimately could enhance patient outcomes while lessening the need for erythropoietin and intravenous iron, which could potentially save millions of dollars.