Controversies in synaptic vesicle exocytosis

Weimer, Robby M.; Jørgensen, Erik M.

doi:10.1242/jcs.00687

Cited by 56 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…The vesicles dock at the plasma membrane and undergo a maturation step, termed priming, then the influx of calcium promotes the fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane (36). The cycle of the synaptic vesicle resembles the mechanism of membrane trafficking that generally is observed in several types of cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Synaptic Vesicle Protein 2B Is Expressed in Podocyte, and Its Expression Is Altered in Proteinuric Glomeruli

Miyauchi

Saito²,

Karasawa³

et al. 2006

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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Synaptic vesicle protein 2B (SV2B) was identified by the subtraction hybridization technique as a molecule of which mRNA expression was decreased in puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephropathy by glomerular cDNA subtraction assay. The expression of SV2B was detected in glomerular lysate with Western blot analysis. Dual-labeling immunofluorescence studies with glomerular cell markers demonstrated that SV2B is expressed in glomerular visceral epithelial cells (podocytes). The expression of SV2B is detected also in cultured podocyte and in human kidney section as podocytic pattern. The decrease of SV2B mRNA was already detected before the onset of proteinuria in PAN nephropathy. The mRNA expression of SV2B clearly is altered not only in PAN nephropathy but also in another proteinuric state that is caused by an antibody against nephrin, a functional molecule of the slit diaphragm. The decreased intensity in SV2B staining was already detected before the peak of proteinuria in both models with immunofluorescence study. A reduced amount of SV2B was detected in both models also with Western blot analysis. CD2AP, another functional molecule of the slit diaphragm, was observed in cytoplasm, including the processes area of the cultured podocyte, and when the podocyte was treated with small interfering RNA for SV2B, CD2AP staining at the process area was not detected. These results suggest that SV2B is a functional molecule of podocyte, and SV2B may play a role in the expression and proper localization of CD2AP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Synaptic Vesicle Protein 2B Is Expressed in Podocyte, and Its Expression Is Altered in Proteinuric Glomeruli

Miyauchi

Saito²,

Karasawa³

et al. 2006

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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“…Interestingly, we noted a ϳ30% reduction in the islet levels of Munc18a in the STX-1A mice. Munc18a plays an important role in insulin exocytosis (20), specifically by activating STX-1A into an "open" conformation, which can then bind the cognate SNARE proteins to consummate exocytosis (19,28,29). The reduced levels of Munc18a could result in …”

Section: Diabetes Vol 54 September 2005mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenic Mouse Overexpressing Syntaxin-1A as a Diabetes Model

et al. 2005

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fasting hyperglycemia and a more sustained elevation of plasma glucose levels after an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, with correspondingly reduced plasma insulin levels. Surprisingly, ␤-cells from the STX-1A male mice also exhibited abnormal insulin tolerance. To unequivocally determine the ␤-cell secretory defects, we used single-cell analyses of exocytosis by patch clamp membrane capacitance measurements and ion channel recordings. Depolarization-evoked membrane capacitance increases were reduced in the STX-1A mouse islet ␤-cells. The STX-1A mouse also exhibited reduced currents through the Ca 2؉ channels but little change in the voltage-gated K ؉ channel or ATP-sensitive K ؉ channel. These results suggest that fluctuation of islet STX-1A levels in diabetes could influence the pathological and differential regulation of ␤-cell ion channels and the exocytotic machinery, collectively contributing to the impaired insulin secretion. Diabetes 54: 2744 -2754, 2005

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“…Neurotransmission operates via a multistage synaptic vesicle cycle, which includes the following main events: active vesicle filling with neurotransmitters (NT); 2 transportation and release of vesicle content via clustering, docking, priming, and Ca 2ϩ -dependent exocytosis, and finally recycling of consumed vesicle components (1,2). Membrane fusion, a key event of exocytosis, is not energy-demanding, because the formation of the trans-SNARE complex is thermodynamically favorable (3,4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Intracellular Oxygen in PC12 Cells upon Stimulation of Neurotransmission

Zhdanov

Ward

Prehn

et al. 2008

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, and maintenance of membrane excitability require high mitochondrial activity in neurosecretory cells. Using a fluorescence-based intracellular O 2 sensing technique, we investigated the respiration of differentiated PC12 cells upon depolarization with 100 mM K ؉ . Single cell confocal analysis identified a significant depolarization of the plasma membrane potential and a relatively minor depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential following K ؉ exposure. We observed a two-phase respiratory response: a first intense spike lasting ϳ10 min, during which average intracellular O 2 was reduced from 85-90% of air saturation to 55-65%, followed by a second wave of smaller amplitude and longer duration. The fast rise in O 2 consumption coincided with a transient increase in cellular ATP by ϳ60%, which was provided largely by oxidative phosphorylation and by glycolysis. The increase of respiration was orchestrated mainly by Ca 2؉ release from the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas the influx of extracellular Ca 2؉ contributed ϳ20%. Depletion of Ca 2؉ stores by ryanodine, thapsigargin, and 4-chloro-m-cresol reduced the amplitude of respiratory spike by 45, 63, and 71%, respectively, whereas chelation of intracellular Ca 2؉ abolished the response. Uncoupling of the mitochondria with the protonophore carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone amplified the responses to K ؉ ; elevated respiration induced a profound deoxygenation without increasing the cellular ATP levels reduced by carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone. Cleavage of synaptobrevin 2 by tetanus toxin, known to reduce neurotransmission, did not affect the respiratory response to K ؉ , whereas the general excitability of d PC12 cells increased.

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Controversies in synaptic vesicle exocytosis

Cited by 56 publications

References 100 publications

Synaptic Vesicle Protein 2B Is Expressed in Podocyte, and Its Expression Is Altered in Proteinuric Glomeruli

Synaptic Vesicle Protein 2B Is Expressed in Podocyte, and Its Expression Is Altered in Proteinuric Glomeruli

Transgenic Mouse Overexpressing Syntaxin-1A as a Diabetes Model

Dynamics of Intracellular Oxygen in PC12 Cells upon Stimulation of Neurotransmission

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