Controversies in the vascular theory of glaucomatous optic nerve degeneration

Ahmad, Syed Shoeb

doi:10.1016/j.tjo.2016.05.009

Cited by 37 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…Several theories have been proposed to explain the glaucomatous optic nerve degeneration [29]. Endogenous NO signaling within the conventional outflow pathway is one of the key mediators of outflow regulation and maintenance of physiological levels of IOP [10,12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alterations in NO signaling or reduced NO production in part may result in impaired trabecular outflow and contribute to IOP elevation in POAG [10,13]. Likewise, the role of eNOS/NO pathway in the maintenance of ocular vasculature and optic nerve degeneration is also highly critical [29]. Notably, functional polymorphisms in the NOS3 gene that alter eNOS function/ activity have been described in various complex diseases, including glaucoma [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) gene polymorphisms with primary open-angle glaucoma in a Saudi cohort

et al. 2020

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To investigate the association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) gene polymorphisms in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) of Saudi origin. Methods This case-control study included 173 patients with POAG (94 men and 79 women) and 171 controls (98 men and 73 women). Genotyping of rs2070744 (T-786C) and rs1799983 (G894T) variants of the NOS3 gene was performed using TaqMan ® assay. Results Rs1799983 genotypes showed a significant association with POAG but did not survive Bonferroni correction (p correction = 0.01). The minor 'T' allele was significantly associated with the risk of POAG among men (p = 0.025, odds ratio (OR) = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07-2.94). Likewise, the genotypes were significantly associated with POAG among men in dominant (p = 0.030, OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.06-3.48) and log-additive models (p = 0.022, OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.08-3.07), and after adjustment for age and smoking. Genotype and allele frequencies of rs2070744 were not significantly different between POAG cases and controls, and after sex stratification. CG haplotype was significantly protective (p = 0.011, OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.32-0.87) and CT haplotype conferred significantly increased risk of POAG (p = 0.016, OR = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.16-5.82) among men. Rs1799983 showed trend (p = 0.054) towards risk of POAG independent of age, gender, smoking, and rs2070744 polymorphism in logistic regression analysis. Both the polymorphisms showed no association with POAG phenotypes such as intraocular pressure and cup/disc ratio.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) gene polymorphisms with primary open-angle glaucoma in a Saudi cohort

et al. 2020

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“…S. Zavadskaya and G. G. Karzhaubaeva, this is due to a deficiency of tocopherol, one of the leading endogenous antioxidants. The metabolic mechanisms involved in the occurrence and development of glaucoma also include pseudoexfoliative dystrophy in the anterior segment of the eye and impaired glycosaminoglycans metabolism (Ahmad 2016).…”

Section: Theories Of Glaucoma Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of a new concept of glaucoma pathogenesis based on the glymphatic theory of cerebrospinal fluid circulation

Должиков¹,

Shevchenko²,

Pobeda³

et al. 2020

RRP

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General aspects of glaucoma: Glaucoma is a heterogeneous multi-factorial disease that is one of the main causes of blindness, along with degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve atrophy. Theories of pathogenesis: There are three theories of glaucoma pathogenesis: biomechanical, vascular, and biochemical. Basic theory of the glymphatic system: The classical knowledge of cerebrospinal fluid circulation has been revised, and in 2012 a new concept of glial-perivascular – glymphatic perfusion of the brain parenchyma was introduced. Due to experimental and clinical studies, it is approved by many scientists, especially in relation to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), in which amyloid pathology is the result of dysfunction of the para-/perivascular transport/cleansing pathways. Features of the optic nerve and the cribriform plate: The cribriform plate forms a barrier at the border of intraocular (IOP) and intracranial (ICP) pressures, thus affecting the para-/periarterial flow of cerebrospinal fluid to the optic nerve and retina, as well as the para-/perivenous cleansing outflow. Morphofunctional evidence of an ocular glymphatic system: The presence of an ocular glymphatic system is confirmed by in vivo experiments with the transfer of labeled substances through para-/perivascular structures from the ventricular or subarachnoid space to the optic nerve and by postmortem morphology. Clinical evidence for the glymphatic system hypothesis: There is some clinical, including case-based, and epidemiological evidence for similarities between glaucomatous optic nerve/retinal injuries and AD, since both occur in the form of improper secretion of neurotoxic metabolites, and both are often diagnosed together.

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“…Indeed, it has been shown that during chronic glaucoma, the apoptosis, hypoxia and oxidative stress phenomena were correlated with the progression of the disease [17] [19] [78]. These would intensify to give way to the necrosis of the retinal cells ganglion, then in fine, those of the head of the optic nerve [12] [83]. However, the presence of higher CmNgb and CmCyt C in CG + compared to CG − made us accept the hypothesis that the absence of correlation found between CmCyt C and CmNgb is would be due to the anti-apoptotic activity of the Ngb.…”

Section: Relationship Between Cmngb Cmcyt C and Cmgpx In Cg +mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first is mechanical, and has the major effect of compression of the head of the optic nerve by intra-eye hyper pressure. The second, is vascular, and involves hypoperfusion and ischemia-hypoxia of the optic nerve [12]- [18]. Despite these theories, only intra ocular pressure (IOP) remains the commonly modified risk factor during glaucoma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution at the Study of Neuroprotective Properties of Neuroglobin during Severe Chronic Glaucoma

Essone¹,

Angue²,

Belmalih³

et al. 2020

WJNS

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Introduction: The mechanisms of overexpression of neuroglobin in patients with severe glaucoma (CG +) remain hypothetical. Objective: To study the anti-apoptotic, anti-hypoxic and anti-oxidant properties of neuroglobin in CG +. Population and Methods: The visual field, as well as plasma dosage of neuroglobin (CmNgb, ng/ml), hypoxia inductible factor-1alpha (CmHIF-1α, pg/ml), glutathione peroxidase (CmGpx, pg/ml), and cytochrome C oxidase (CmCyt C, pg/ml) were carried out in 45 CG + and 45 controls (CG −). The chi-2 test compared the proportions, and Spearman's test studied the correlations between quantitative variables (p < 5%). Results: CmNgb was 4.1 in CG + , versus 2.3 in CG − (p = 1.52 × 10 −5). CmGpx was 1144.7 in CG + , versus 752.8 in GC − (p = 0.0199). CmHIF-1α was 4.1 in CG + , versus 3.5 in CG − (p = 0.4530). CmCyt C was 2303.26 in CG + , versus 1750.44 in CG − (p = 0.0450). In CG + , there was a correlation between CmNgb and CmGpx (r = 0.417; p = 0.004), CmNgb and CmHIF-1α (r = 0.644; p = 1.8 × 10 −6), and between CmHIF-1α and CmGpx (r = 0.447; p = 0.002), CmHIF-1α and CmCyt C (r = 0.371; p = 0.012). None correlation was found between CmNgb and CmCyt C (r = 0.126; p = 0.370), as well as CmGpx and CmCyt C (r = 0.102; p = 0.505). Conclusion: The variations of apoptosis, hypoxic, and oxidative stress bio-How to cite this paper: Nnang Essone,

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Controversies in the vascular theory of glaucomatous optic nerve degeneration

Cited by 37 publications

References 40 publications

Association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) gene polymorphisms with primary open-angle glaucoma in a Saudi cohort

Association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) gene polymorphisms with primary open-angle glaucoma in a Saudi cohort

Review of a new concept of glaucoma pathogenesis based on the glymphatic theory of cerebrospinal fluid circulation

Contribution at the Study of Neuroprotective Properties of Neuroglobin during Severe Chronic Glaucoma

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