Controversy over the great flood hypotheses in the Black Sea in light of geological, paleontological, and archaeological evidence

Discussion: a critique of Possible waterways between the Marmara Sea and the Black Sea in the late Quaternary: evidence from ostracod and foraminifer assemblages in lakes İznik and Sapanca, Turkey, Geo-Marine Letters, 2011

“…This route has been a continuously popular candidate for an alternative connection between the Paratethyean region and the Mediterranean in the Quaternary for some time (e.g., Ryan and Pitman 1998;Yanko-Hombach et al 2007). DEMs and topographic profiles show that Sapanca sills separate the İzmit-Sapanca corridor, Lake Sapanca and the Sakarya Valley at an elevation of currently +35 m (Fig.…”

“…Furthermore, a connection between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea via the İzmit Gulf, Lake Sapanca and the Sakarya Valley has previously been suggested as an alternative route by, among others, Pfannenstiel (1944) and Yanko-Hombach et al (2007). Nazik et al (2011) consider both this alternative connection and an additional possible waterway, starting from Gemlik Bay, crossing Lake İznik, and finally reaching the Black Sea through the Sakarya Valley.…”

The Origin and Development of the Central European Man-made Landscape, Habitat and Species Diversity as Affected by Climate and its Changes – a Review

“…Özdoğan (2002) The flooding of the Black Sea through the Bosporus by the rising level of the Mediterranean Sea, often synonymous with Noah's flood (Ryan, Pitman III 1998;Haarmann 2003;; different dating of the start of flooding, earliest moment around 8500 BC, latest 5600 BC, see Poschlod 2015), might have caused another movement (Milisauskas 2011). However, the date, height and rate of the flooding are still under debate (Ryan et al 1997;Bahr et al 2006;Yanko-Hombach et al 2007;Giosan et al 2009;Lericolais et al 2009;Thom 2010).…”

Geological and Geomorphological Factors and Marine Conditions of the Azov‐Black Sea Basin and Coastal Characteristics as They Determine Prospecting for Seabed Prehistoric Sites on the Continental Shelf

“…Ecostratigraphy of the Pleistocene and Holocene sediments is based on taxonomy and spatial distribution of bivalve molluscs (Nevesskaya 1965), gastropods (Il'ina 1966), benthic foraminifera and ostracoda (Yanko 1990;Yanko & Gramova 1990;Yanko-Hombach 2007a,b) as well as palynological data supplemented by 14 C datings (e.g. Appendix 1 and 2 in Yanko-Hombach et al 2007 andBalabanov 2007, respectively).…”

“…During the Late Quaternary, the Black Sea was repeatedly isolated from the ocean due to varying climatic conditions (Yanko-Hombach 2007;Yanko-Hombach et al 2007;2011a,b;2012a,b;2013a,b). Geographical location and periodic connection of the Black Sea either with the Mediterranean or Caspian seas (Fig.…”