Controversy over the use of creatine as a safe dietary supplement

Timcheh-Hariri, Alireza; Balali-Mood, Mahdi; Aryan, Ehsan; Sadeghi, Mahmood; Riahi-Zanjani, Bamdad

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2012.10.023

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Considering the use of multiple creatine‐containing supplements intended for sports nutrition, an overdosing of creatine should be avoided. Potential interactions with other ergogenic substances, drugs and food ingredients have been investigated to an insufficient extent .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upon completion of supplementation, clinical parameters and liver function tests improved within 30 days. Although the authors stated that the causal compound cannot be defined, they advised to cautiousness regarding the intake of creatine, referring also to some animal studies . Wallimann criticized the lack of information on the daily use of the three supplements, on other insufficiently defined ingredients, including hormones, or on other dietary habits of the bodybuilders.…”

Section: Creatine Monohydratementioning

confidence: 99%

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Creatine and creatine forms intended for sports nutrition

Andres

Ziegenhagen

Trefflich

et al. 2017

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Creatine is a popular ergogenic supplement in sports nutrition. Yet, supplementation of creatine occasionally caused adverse effects such as gastrointestinal complaints, muscle cramps and an increase in body weight. Creatine monohydrate has already been evaluated by different competent authorities and several have come to the conclusion that a daily intake of 3 g creatine per person is unlikely to pose safety concerns, focusing on healthy adults with exclusion of pregnant and breastfeeding women. Possible vulnerable subgroups were also discussed in relation to the safety of creatine. The present review provides an up-to-date overview of the relevant information with special focus on human studies regarding the safety of creatine monohydrate and other marketed creatine forms, in particular creatine pyruvate, creatine citrate, creatine malate, creatine taurinate, creatine phosphate, creatine orotate, creatine ethyl ester, creatine pyroglutamate, creatine gluconate, and magnesium creatine chelate. Limited data are available with regard to the safety of the latter creatine forms. Considering an acceptable creatine intake of 3 g per day, most of the evaluated creatine forms are unlikely to pose safety concerns, however some safety concerns regarding a supplementary intake of creatine orotate, creatine phosphate, and magnesium creatine chelate are discussed here.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Creatine Monohydratementioning

confidence: 99%