Conus: First Comprehensive Conservation Red List Assessment of a Marine Gastropod Mollusc Genus

Peters, Howard; O‘Leary, Bethan Christine; Hawkins, Julie P.; Carpenter, Kent E.; Roberts, Callum M.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083353

Cited by 58 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The conid fauna and the entire coastal invertebrate community have been drastically affected by multiple anthropogenic impacts (Migotto & Marques 2006, Peters et al 2013. The destruction and pollution of habitats constitute the most serious global threat to marine biodiversity (Gomes et al 2000, Amaral & Jablonski 2005, Migotto & Marques 2006, Peters et al 2013). In particular, populations of Conidae have undergone considerable decline in recent times, with a number of species currently on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, populations of Conidae have undergone considerable decline in recent times, with a number of species currently on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN 2017). In 2011, the IUCN assembled a committee to assess the threat levels of more than 600 species of Conus, with the results in the paper prepared by Peters et al (2013) (Dr. Alan J. Kohn, personal communication, august 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They live predominantly in shallow tropical habitats (Kohn 1966, Penchaszadeh 1984, Olivera et al 1990, Kohn 1998, Duda et al 2001, Terlau & Olivera 2004, Peters et al 2013, Flores-Garza et al 2014. Species of Conus are among the most well-known mollusks due to the beautiful color patterns of the typically heavy, obconical or biconical shells (Terlau & Olivera 2004, Kohn 1998.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These species are also particularly dangerous due to a harpoon-like radular tooth that injects neurotoxins into prey (Olivera et al 1990, Biota Neotrop., 17(4): e20170434, 2017 http://www.scielo.br/bn http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2017-0434 Terlau & Olivera 2004, Braga et al 2005, 2013, Haddad et al 2006, Peters et al 2013, Flores-Garza et al 2014 and that can also injury and even death to humans (Olivera et al 1990, Kohn 1998, Terlau & Olivera 2004, Haddad et al 2006, Flores-Garza et al 2014. There is economic importance in the extraction of compounds of medical and pharmacological interest (Olivera et al 1990, Terlau & Olivera 2004, Braga et al 2005, 2013, Gowd et al 2005, Haddad et al 2006, Peters et al 2013) and as a food source for fishing communities on some Pacific islands (Terlau & Olivera 2004) and in northeastern Brazil. Species of Conus that inhabit the intertidal to subtidal zones usually live in a heterogeneous habitat (Kohn 1959, 1998, Peters et al 2013, Flores-Garza et al 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is economic importance in the extraction of compounds of medical and pharmacological interest (Olivera et al 1990, Terlau & Olivera 2004, Braga et al 2005, 2013, Gowd et al 2005, Haddad et al 2006, Peters et al 2013) and as a food source for fishing communities on some Pacific islands (Terlau & Olivera 2004) and in northeastern Brazil. Species of Conus that inhabit the intertidal to subtidal zones usually live in a heterogeneous habitat (Kohn 1959, 1998, Peters et al 2013, Flores-Garza et al 2014. They are quiescent when exposed to sunlight and typically seek shelter in shaded areas under algae, rocks and the sediment (Kohn 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the oviposition and egg masses of Conus regius (Neogastropoda: Conidae) from northeastern Brazil

Gonçalves

Lima

Oliveira³

et al. 2017

Biota Neotrop.

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. On the oviposition and egg masses of Conus regius (Neogastropoda: Conidae) from northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica. 17(4): e20170434. http://dx.doi. org/10.1590/1676-0611- BN-2017-0434 Abstract: Characteristics of the egg masses of Conus regius Gmelin, 1791 are described and figured for the first time for the coast of Brazil based on a female specimen found in the process of oviposition during the day in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. Two clusters of egg masses were found in the subtidal zone of Itapuã beach attached to rocky substrate in a completely unprotected site. Oviposition likely began at least one day earlier, since the specimen had already affixed an entire egg mass and was ovipositing a second cluster at the time it was found. The egg masses were arranged in short, irregular rows of three to nine closely spaced capsules in parallel and facing the same direction. One egg mass cluster consisted of 34 capsules. Conus regius capsules are semi-transparent, vasiform in side view, higher than broad and have flattened to slightly convex sides with slight wrinkles constituted by transversal ridges. Conus regius is on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, but is still intensively collected in the study area and surrounding coastal environment by fishermen for the purposes of selling shells and as a food source.Keywords: Gastropoda, Conoidea, reproduction, ootheca, Bahia. Sobre a oviposição e massas de ovos de Conus regius (Neogastropoda: Conidae) no nordeste do BrasilResumo: Características de massas de ovos de Conus regius Gmelin, 1791 são descritas e figuradas pela primeira vez para a costa do Brasil com base em um espécime encontrado em processo de oviposição, durante o dia, no estado da Bahia, nordeste do Brasil. Dois aglomerados de massa de ovos foram achadas na zona subtidal da praia de Itapuã fixa a substrato rochoso em uma área completamente desprotegida. O processo de oviposição, provavelmente, começou um dia antes, uma vez que o espécime já tinha afixado uma massa de ovos e estava depositando um segundo aglomerado de ovos no momento em que foi encontrado. As massas de ovos apresentaram arranjos em fileiras curtas e irregulares contendo três a nove cápsulas estreitamente espaçadas, paralelas e posicionadas na mesma direção. A primeira massa de ovos observada conteve um total de 34 cápsulas. As cápsulas de Conus regius são semitransparentes, vasiformes em vista lateral (mais altas do que largas) e possuem parte lateral suavemente convexa a achatada com rugas suaves constituídas por elevações transversais. Conus regius está na Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas da IUCN, mas ainda é intensamente coletada na área de estudo e ambientes costeiros circunvizinhos por pescadores por conta da venda das conchas e como fonte alimentar.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

On the oviposition and egg masses of Conus regius (Neogastropoda: Conidae) from northeastern Brazil

Gonçalves

Lima

Oliveira³

et al. 2017

Biota Neotrop.

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Conservation of aquatic invertebrates: concerns, challenges and conundrums

Collier

Probert

Jeffries

2016

Aquatic Conservation

101

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ABSTRACT1. Invertebrates inhabiting marine and freshwater ecosystems make important contributions to global biodiversity and provide significant services that have cascading effects across ecosystems. However, this group is grossly under-represented in assessments of conservation status and often neglected in targeted aquatic conservation efforts.2. In global assessments of 7857 freshwater invertebrates and 2864 marine invertebrates, 30-34% were considered Data Deficient highlighting the paucity of information for making such assessments. Of the invertebrate groups that could be assessed, those with poor dispersal abilities and high local endemism, such as many gastropods, crayfish and mussels, are the most threatened.3. Springs and subterranean hydrological systems support the highest proportions of threatened freshwater species, while in marine environments coral reefs, lagoons and anchialine systems are particularly vulnerable.4. Key agents of biodiversity decline in aquatic ecosystems are water pollution, overexploitation and harvesting, habitat degradation and destruction, alien invasive species, and climate change. Effects of dams and water management along with pollution from urban, agricultural and forestry sources are the main threats in freshwater ecosystems, whereas a broad range of factors have impacts on marine invertebrates, including biological resource use.5. Significant impediments facing conservation of aquatic invertebrates are limited knowledge of their diversity, the need for broadscale actions to account for connectivity within and across ecosystems, lack of political will and investment, and the prospect that conditions may get worse before they improve, possibly not in time to save some already highly imperilled invertebrate species from extinction.

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The status of marine biodiversity in the Eastern Central Atlantic (West and Central Africa)

Polidoro

Ralph

Strongin

et al. 2017

Aquatic Conservation

Self Cite

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International audience* The status of marine biodiversity in the Eastern Central Atlantic (ECA), especially of coastal and pelagic fishes, is of concern owing to a number of threats including overharvesting, habitat loss, pollution, and climate change combined with inadequate policy responses, legislation, and enforcement.ăă* This study provides the first comprehensive documentation of the presence, status, and level of extinction risk, based on IUCN Red List assessment methodology, for more than 1800 marine species, including all taxonomically described marine vertebrates (marine mammals, sea turtles, seabirds, fishes); complete clades of selected marine invertebrates (sea cucumbers, cone snails, cephalopods, lobsters, reef-building corals); and marine plants (mangroves, seagrasses).ăă* Approximately 8% of all marine species assessed in the ECA are in threatened categories, while 4% are listed as Near Threatened, 73% are Least Concern, and 15% are Data Deficient. Fisheries and overharvesting are the biggest threats to living marine resources in the ECA, with 87% of threatened species across all taxonomic groups affected by both large- and small-scale targeted fisheries, excessive capture as by-catch, or unsustainable harvest.ăă* The results of this study will transform the current state of knowledge and increase capacity for regional stakeholders to identify and enact marine conservation and research priorities, as a number of species are identified as having high conservation and/or research priorities in the region.ăă* Through the process of marine species data collection and risk assessments conducted over the past 5 years, several key conservation actions and research needs are identified to enable more effective conservation of marine biodiversity in the ECA, including increased governance, multilateral collaboration, taxonomic training, and improved reporting of fisheries catch and effort

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Conus: First Comprehensive Conservation Red List Assessment of a Marine Gastropod Mollusc Genus

Cited by 58 publications

References 48 publications

On the oviposition and egg masses of Conus regius (Neogastropoda: Conidae) from northeastern Brazil

On the oviposition and egg masses of Conus regius (Neogastropoda: Conidae) from northeastern Brazil

Conservation of aquatic invertebrates: concerns, challenges and conundrums

The status of marine biodiversity in the Eastern Central Atlantic (West and Central Africa)

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