Convection in a Czochralski crucible – Part 1: non-rotating crystal

Stereoscopic Digital Particle Image Velocimetry and Digital Particle Image Thermometry analysis of the mixed convection phenomena in the system similar to the Czochralski method of single crystal production

“…In the presented paper all above quantities were calculated separately for SDPIV and DPIT measurements (table 2). Experimental parameters chosen for analysis shows good agreement with the literature data [5][6], [9], [13].…”

“…One of the first works, where authors have been trying to visualize the flow structure inside the crucible in a model systems of Czochralski growth have been performed by Carruthers and Nassau [1], Shiroki [2], Jones [3] and Kimura [4]. Significant contribution in the field of flow visualization of Czochralski growth have been also made by Hintz et al [5][6]. In those papers, the complex analysis of the flow behaviour under various experimental conditions in the transparent glass crucible has been presented.…”

“…The use of liquid crystals for visualization of the temperature fields in the Czochralski configuration have been proposed in 1991 by Ozoe [7], where the silicon oil and thermochromic liquid crystals (TLC) with temperature sensing range from 24.0 ºC to 30. 5 measurements. Later on, Mukherjee et al [8] have used liquid crystals to study the influcence of crucible and crystal rotation on the temperature distribution in the Czochralski crucible.…”

“…In case of a crystal rotation, it was noticed that for the low values of Reynolds number (Re x = 276) (figure 2a, figure 3a) the cold jet characteristic for natural convection circulation [5] starts to oscillate around the crucible axis. Moreover, slowly rotating crystal caused some disturbances in the flow structure of the experimental fluid.…”

Numerical Study on LiCaAlF<SUB>6</SUB> Czochralski Crystal Growth

“…Marangoni convection is reported by Jing et al 25) to be responsible for the formation of the 3D spoke pattern on the free surface in 3D numerical simulations, and Hintz et al 26) presented that Marangoni convection causes a different 2D flow pattern from the comparison of experiments with water and silicon oil. However, Marangoni convection has typically been ignored in most of the previous model simulations.…”