2022
DOI: 10.3390/atmos13050750
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Convection Initiation Associated with the Merger of an Immature Sea-Breeze Front and a Gust Front in Bohai Bay Region, North China: A Case Study

Abstract: The mechanism for convection initiation (CI) associated with the merger of an immature sea-breeze front (SBF) and gust front (GF) that occurred in North China on 31 July 2010 was investigated based on both observations and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulation. The results show that many CIs occurred continuously in the merging area, and eventually resulted in an intense mesoscale convective system (MCS). The WRF simulation captured the general features of the SBF, GF, their merger processes … Show more

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Cited by 6 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…For example, according to H. Li et al (2017a), urban land use plays an important role in DCI through urban heat island effects and urban-induced convergence for a case in the area around Beijing. Additionally, the land-sea contrast may also promote DCI near the coastline in the eastern part of the study area (Abulikemu et al, 2016(Abulikemu et al, , 2019Zheng et al, 2022). At a smaller scale, inland water areas, such as rivers and lakes, can also lead to variations in surface fluxes between the water and the adjacent land, resulting in boundaries that can trigger convection (Huang et al, 2017).…”
Section: Physical Explanations For the Statistical Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, according to H. Li et al (2017a), urban land use plays an important role in DCI through urban heat island effects and urban-induced convergence for a case in the area around Beijing. Additionally, the land-sea contrast may also promote DCI near the coastline in the eastern part of the study area (Abulikemu et al, 2016(Abulikemu et al, , 2019Zheng et al, 2022). At a smaller scale, inland water areas, such as rivers and lakes, can also lead to variations in surface fluxes between the water and the adjacent land, resulting in boundaries that can trigger convection (Huang et al, 2017).…”
Section: Physical Explanations For the Statistical Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As can be seen from the corresponding simulation results (Figure 7b), the area of the simulated 6 h accumulated precipitation was biased by about 0.5 • to the south, which is consistent with the simulated composite reflectivity analyzed above. This kind of bias in the location of the accumulated precipitation often appeared in some similar studies [11][12][13][14], and it is probably due to some deficiencies of the reanalysis data providing the initial and boundary conditions for the simulation. The distribution of the precipitation rain band shows a similar orientation as the observed counterparts.…”
Section: Evaluation Of Simulationmentioning
confidence: 88%
“…In recent years, the frequency of such weather phenomena has further increased, with serious impacts on economic constructions, social development, and people's lives [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Despite significant improvements in weather forecasting techniques in recent decades, the accurate prediction and issuance of warnings for severe convective weather in a short period of time remain extremely difficult, and forecasting the convection initiation (CI) (i.e., the process whereby air parcels reach their level of free convection, then obtain and maintain positive buoyancy over a significant upward movement, and, finally, initiate a deep convective cloud), in particular, remains an important challenge in the field of weather forecasting [12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The gust fronts (GFs), which are closely associated with convective storms, are defined as the boundary between the cold downdraft outflow propagated horizontally by the convective storm and the ambient air [5][6][7]. The GFs not only act as a factor triggering the releases of convective energy to the boundary layer [8][9][10], but also play an important role in the localization and evolution of convective storms [11][12][13]. Historically, research on the characteristics of GFs has predominantly focused on the quasi-linear convective system (QLCS) and bow echo (BE) [14][15][16].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%