Convective impact on the global lower stratospheric water vapor budget

Ueyama, Rei; Schoeberl, M. R.; Jensen, E. J.; Pfister, Leonhard; Park, M.; Ryoo, Ju‐Mee

doi:10.1002/essoar.10511764.1

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…"Natural experiments" of injections of INP have already been evaluated: Ueyama et al (13) showed that ice crystals (which act as efficient INP) "injected" into the TTL from the anvils of large convective events generate a net dehydration of the air, even as they themselves represent injections of water. Laboratory experiments also support the intervention concept (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considering intentional stratospheric dehydration for climate benefits

Schwarz,

Gao,

Thornberry

et al. 2024

Sci. Adv.

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We introduce a climate intervention strategy focused on decreasing water vapor (WV) concentrations near the tropopause and in the stratosphere to increase outbound longwave radiation. The mechanism is the targeted injection of ice-nucleating particles (INP) in air supersaturated with respect to ice at high altitudes in the tropical entryway to the stratosphere. Ice formation in this region is a critical control of stratospheric WV. Recent airborne in situ data indicate that targeting only a small fraction of air parcels in the region would be sufficient to achieve substantial removal of water. This “intentional stratospheric dehydration” (ISD) strategy would not counteract a large fraction of the forcing from carbon dioxide but may contribute to a portfolio of climate interventions by acting with different time and length scales of impact and risk than other interventions that are already under consideration. We outline the idea, its plausibility, technical hurdles, and side effects to be considered.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considering intentional stratospheric dehydration for climate benefits

Schwarz,

Gao,

Thornberry

et al. 2024

Sci. Adv.

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“…To study the effects of tropical waves on QBO and cirrus clouds, global reanalyses provided by different centers for numerical weather prediction have been widely used (Garcia & Richter, 2019; Anstey et al., 2022; Y.‐H. Kim & Chun, 2015; Pahlavan, Fu, et al., 2021; Pahlavan, Wallace, et al., 2021; Ueyama et al., 2023). Due to its higher horizontal resolution compared to its predecessors, the fifth generation European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis (ERA5) is capable to resolve a wider spectrum of tropical waves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropical Wave Observations From the Reel‐Down Atmospheric Temperature Sensor (RATS) in the Lowermost Stratosphere During Strateole‐2

Bramberger,

Goetz,

Alexander

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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Tropical waves play an important role in driving the quasi‐biennial oscillation of zonal winds in the tropical stratosphere. In our study we analyze these waves based on temperature observations from the 2021–2022 Strateole‐2 campaign when the Reel‐down Atmospheric Temperature Sensor (RATS) was successfully deployed for the first time. RATS provides long‐duration, continuous and simultaneous high‐resolution temperature observations at two altitudes (balloon float level and 200 m below) allowing for an analysis of vertical wavelengths. This separation distance was chosen to focus on waves near the resolution limit of reanalyses. Here, we found tropical waves with periods between about 6 hr and 2 days, with vertical wavelengths between 1.5 and 5 km, respectively. Comparing our results to Fifth generation European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ERA5) reanalyses we found good agreement for waves with a period longer than 1 day. However, the ERA5 amplitudes of higher‐frequency waves are under‐estimated, and the temporal evolution of most wave packets differs from the observations.

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“…Existing estimates of the contribution of tropopause‐overshooting convection to the LS H 2 O budget are based on observations of storms coupled with trajectory calculations driven by large‐scale winds or on output from convection‐resolving model simulations and vary from 10%–15% globally to 30%–45% regionally (e.g., Dauhut & Hohenegger, 2022; Dessler & Sherwood, 2004; Hanisco et al., 2007; Tinney & Homeyer, 2021; Ueyama et al., 2023). Most existing efforts to compute global LS H 2 O budgets consider only the effects from tropical convection, but it is increasingly recognized that midlatitude overshooting convection is both deep and frequent (S. M. Khaykin et al., 2022; Liu & Liu, 2016; Liu et al., 2020; Werner et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme Altitudes of Stratospheric Hydration by Midlatitude Convection Observed During the DCOTSS Field Campaign

Homeyer,

Smith,

Bedka

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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Water vapor's contribution to Earth's radiative forcing is most sensitive to changes in its lower stratosphere concentration. One recognized pathway for rapid increases in stratospheric water vapor is tropopause‐overshooting convection. Since this pathway has been rarely sampled, the NASA Dynamics and Chemistry of the Summer Stratosphere (DCOTSS) field project focused on obtaining in situ observations of stratospheric air recently affected by convection over the United States. This study reports on the extreme altitudes to which convective hydration was observed. The data show that the overworld stratosphere is routinely hydrated by convection and that past documented records of stratospheric heights of convective hydration were exceeded during several DCOTSS flights. The most extreme event sampled is highlighted, for which stratospheric water vapor was increased by up to 26% at an altitude of 19.25 km, a potential temperature of 463 K, and an ozone mixing ratio >1500 ppbv.

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Convective impact on the global lower stratospheric water vapor budget

Abstract: Water vapor is an important greenhouse gas and exerts significant influence on the chemistry and radiative balance of the atmosphere (e.g.,

Cited by 5 publications

References 81 publications

Considering intentional stratospheric dehydration for climate benefits

Considering intentional stratospheric dehydration for climate benefits

Tropical Wave Observations From the Reel‐Down Atmospheric Temperature Sensor (RATS) in the Lowermost Stratosphere During Strateole‐2

Extreme Altitudes of Stratospheric Hydration by Midlatitude Convection Observed During the DCOTSS Field Campaign

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