Convective instability of blood‐based Au‐Fe₃O₄ hybrid nanoliquid under the presence of magnetic field with internal heat source: Application to cancer treatment

Abstract

Targeted drug delivery is one of the most promising aspects of cancer diagnosis and treatment. Gold nanoparticles are widely used for drug delivery and in the treatment of tumors, but due to the low absorption of infrared light, tumor cells get destroyed. However, iron‐oxide‐coated gold nanoparticles could be used for drug delivery to a targeted spot with the help of an external magnetic field. The present article aims to investigate the thermal instability of the blood flow transporting gold and iron‐oxide nanoparticles through the artery. The Casson fluid model is used to characterize the blood flow, and Maxwell equations, together with Navier–Stokes equations, are used to describe the flow behavior. Further, the linear stability theory and normal mode analysis are used to obtain the secular equation of the thermal Rayleigh number. The influence of pertinent flow governing parameters such as heat source parameter, Chandrashekhar number, the diameter of nanoparticles, and volume fraction of nanoparticles are discussed graphically on the convective instability of the system. The addition of gold nanoparticles makes the system unstable due to their large size and heat generation within the system. On the other hand, the magnetic field stabilizes the system by controlling the trajectory of the nanoparticles injected into the blood vessels.

Soret effect on stability of Darcy problem in a bidispersive porous medium with an exothermic chemical surface reaction

“…Numerous recent studies have focused on the stability of convection in such settings, for instance, Refs. [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. Subsequently, we detail the partial differential equations governing fluid movement within a porous medium.…”