Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter 1972 and 1996 Protocol

Farnelli, Gian Maria; Tanzi, Attila Massimiliano

doi:10.4337/9781783477210.v.16

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The structure and small sized micro plastics provide high surface to volume ratio, for colonization by microbes. Interaction of micro plastics with microbes affects their sorption and desorption capacity, degradation rate, density and flocculation [14,42,19]. Zettler et al [35] reported different bacterial taxonomic assemblages associating with micro plastics from those in surrounding waters.…”

Section: Interaction Of Micro-plastics With Microbesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-plastics in Aquatic Environment: Source, Fate, Emerging Threats, and Regulatory Effort

Kamau,

Tole,

Timamy

2023

IJECC

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Presences of plastics in aquatic environment, and their possible cascading along the food chain are an environmental concern. To understand the current setup in plastics pollution, we submit the evolution of the plastics industry, the production process, and the magnitude of plastics produced and plastic waste generated. In the second section, we give an over view of sources of micro plastics in aquatic environment including; domestic, leisure, aquaculture, maritime activities and horticulture. Thirdly, we address the behavior and distributions of micro plastics in aquatics system (rivers, estuaries, lakes and ocean) and their matrixes (surfaces, water column, and sediments). In fourth section, we raise the insidious natures of micro plastics pollutions, as a threat to life, and, in the fifth section we identify the developments in policies that targets to mitigate plastic pollution.

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Section: Interaction Of Micro-plastics With Microbesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-plastics in Aquatic Environment: Source, Fate, Emerging Threats, and Regulatory Effort

Kamau,

Tole,

Timamy

2023

IJECC

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“…Although there is no specific international marine legislation regarding microplastics so far, many proactive countermeasures have been takenvoluntary or legally binding practices at international, regional, and national levels [47]. Indeed, the available literature on marine pollution reports the existence of three global international conventions that deal with the problem of plastic waste in the marine environment at the beginning of the 1970s: [53].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastics and Environmental Health: Assessing Environmental Hazards in Haiti

St-Louis

Apply

Michel

et al. 2021

Environmental Health

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Microplastics (MP) refer to all plastic particles that are less than 5 mm in size. Over the past decades, several studies have highlighted the impact of microplastics (MP) on living organisms. In addition to being pollutants themselves, these synthetic polymers also act as vectors for the transport of various types of chemicals in natural ecosystems. MP has been ubiquitously detected in a wide range of shapes, polymers, sizes and concentrations in marine water, freshwater, agroecosystems, atmospheric, food and water environments. Drinking water, biota, and other remote places. According to the World Bank, over 80% of the world’s marine litter is plastic and the concentration of litter on Caribbean beaches is often high, with a high presence of single-use plastics and food containers. In its work, the World Health Organization (WHO) suggests an in-depth assessment of microplastics present in the environment and their potential consequences on human health, following the publication of an analysis of the state of research on microplastics in drinking water. It also calls for reducing plastic pollution to protect the environment and reduce human exposure. In Haiti, the bay of Port-au-Prince is the natural receptacle of all the urban effluents generated by human activities in the Metropolitan Zone. This urban wastewater carries household waste, sludge from pit latrines and sewage, industrial wastewater which largely contributes to the pollution of the bay. Furthermore, 1,673,750 tonnes per year of household waste, including 93,730 tonnes of plastic waste, are not collected. What are the environmental dangers represented by the MP contained in those wastes for living organisms in exposed tropical ecosystems? The purpose of this paper is: (i) to do a bibliographical review of the physical and chemical properties, as well as the toxicological profile of MP, (ii) to identify the environmental hazards associated with MP contained in urban waste in the metropolitan area of Port-au-Prince.

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“…[to] establish those procedures and mechanisms necessary to assess and promote compliance with [the] Protocol," according to article 11(1) of the 1996 LC&P. 226 In addition, the 29th Consultative Meeting, in 2007, approved the Compliance Group, which monitors obedience by member states. 227 Regarding the effectiveness of the LC&P, it "mainly depends on its capacity to attract participation, in order to foster environmental awareness." 228 Because of that, one of the main downsides of the LC&P is the lack of provisions to solve technical, scientific, and mainly financial obstacles to change the behavior of sea dumping.…”

Section: ] International Law Instruments 895mentioning

confidence: 99%

International Law Instruments To Address The Plastic Soup

Gonçalves

Faure

2019

SSRN Journal

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The problem of plastic pollution in the oceans has been increasingly evident after 1997, when the great concentrations of plastics in the oceans were initially publicized. Still, there is a substantial lack of scientific data and research about the sources of plastic pollution, destinations and consequences to nature and human life. The only certainty is that the amount of plastic that ends up in the ocean is alarming and likely will not decrease anytime soon because of its durability and large range of use. Estimates show that, each year, at least 8 million tons of plastics leak into the ocean and, if no action is taken, this is expected to double by 2030, and quadruple by 2050. As a result, by 2050 there would be more plastic than fish in the ocean. This Article focuses on international legal pathways to face such a problem. It constitutes the basis for further research that aims at constructing a legal framework to adequately face the problem of plastic pollution of the oceans. In order to do so, the first step is to unveil the already existing international instruments-both hard and soft law. It is indispensable to accomplish this intermediate step because a great part of such pollution is in international waters, where the only legal regulations and remedies applicable are those from public international law. Solely through this state-of-the-art approach is it possible to analyze critically its possibilities and limitations, as well as to suggest how to proceed. Therefore, this Article first analyzes whether the international instruments deal with the plastic soup issue, both from the ex ante and from the ex post perspectives. After showing that the current efforts are not compatible with the current harms and threats of plastic pollution of the oceans, we suggest possible pathways and approaches to surpass the obstacles and to start facing the problem of plastic pollution of the oceans.

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Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter 1972 and 1996 Protocol

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Micro-plastics in Aquatic Environment: Source, Fate, Emerging Threats, and Regulatory Effort

Micro-plastics in Aquatic Environment: Source, Fate, Emerging Threats, and Regulatory Effort

Microplastics and Environmental Health: Assessing Environmental Hazards in Haiti

International Law Instruments To Address The Plastic Soup

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