Conventional testing methods produce submaximal values of maximum oxygen consumption

Beltrami, Fernando G.; Froyd, Christian; Mauger, Alexis R.; Metcalfe, Alan J; Marino, Frank E.; Noakes, Timothy D.

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2011-090306

Cited by 37 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 83 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, the Journal of Applied Physiology published specific contents about fatigue mechanisms during exercise (104; 2008), highlighting central mechanisms that could be involved in the exercise regulation. The BJSM published a series of articles which could support the CGM (46; 2012), including studies that challenged the traditional concept of VO 2MAX 26 27 or suggested a probable central regulation during exercise 28. Also, reviews, letters and rebuttals have added more focus on this topic 29–33…”

Section: Increased Acceptance Of a Centrally Regulated Effort Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thomas Kuhn's ‘Structure of Scientific Revolutions’ applied to exercise science paradigm shifts: example including the Central Governor Model

Pires

2012

Br J Sports Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

According to Thomas Kuhn, the scientific progress of any discipline could be distinguished by a pre-paradigm phase, a normal science phase and a revolution phase. The science advances when a scientific revolution takes place after silent period of normal science and the scientific community moves ahead to a paradigm shift. I suggest there has been a recent change of course in the direction of the exercise science. According to the 'current paradigm', exercise would be probably limited by alterations in either central command or peripheral skeletal muscles, and fatigue would be developed in a task-dependent manner. Instead, the central governor model (GCM) has proposed that all forms of exercise are centrally-regulated, the central nervous system would calculate the metabolic cost required to complete a task in order to avoid catastrophic body failure. Some have criticized the CGM and supported the traditional interpretation, but recently the scientific community appears to have begun an intellectual trajectory to accept this theory. First, the increased number of citations of articles that have supported the CGM could indicate that the community has changed the focus. Second, relevant journals have devoted special editions to promote the debate on subjects challenged by the CGM. Finally, scientists from different fields have recognized mechanisms included in the CGM to understand the exercise limits. Given the importance of the scientific community in demarcating a Kuhnian paradigm shift, I suggest that these three aspects could indicate an increased acceptance of a centrally-regulated effort model, to understand the limits of exercise.

show abstract

Section: Increased Acceptance Of a Centrally Regulated Effort Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thomas Kuhn's ‘Structure of Scientific Revolutions’ applied to exercise science paradigm shifts: example including the Central Governor Model

Pires

2012

Br J Sports Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Stewart and Sleivert (27) used a treadmill at 13km/h with 20% grade and a maximal VO 2max test that had an incremental increasing speed design. By using an incremental increasing speed design for establishing VO 2max , the maximal VO 2 is perhaps not the real VO 2max that Beltrami et al (4) found. In the present study, a non-motorized treadmill was used, which allows to adjust the velocity naturally during a running test.…”

Section: Stewart and Sleivertmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effects of Short or Long Warm-up on Intermediate Running Performance

Tillaar

Vatten

Heimburg

2017

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

van den Tillaar, R, Vatten, T, and von Heimburg, E. Effects of short or long warm-up on intermediate running performance. J Strength Cond Res 31(1): 37-44, 2017-The aim of the study was to compare the effects of a long warm-up (general + specific) and a short warm-up (specific) on intermediate running performance (3-minute run). Thirteen experienced endurance-trained athletes (age 23.2 ± 2.3 years, body mass 79.8 ± 8.2 kg, body height 1.82 ± 0.05 m) conducted 2 types of warm-ups in a crossover design with 1 week in between: a long warm-up (10 minutes, 80% maximal heart rate, and 8 × 60 m sprint with increasing intensity and 1 minute rest in between) and a short warm-up (8 × 60 m sprint with increasing intensity and 1 minute rest in between). Each warm-up was followed by a 3-minute running test on a nonmotorized treadmill. Total running distance, running velocity at each 30 seconds, heart rate, blood lactate concentration, oxygen uptake, and rate of perceived exertion were measured. No significant differences in running performance variables and physiological parameters were found between the 2 warm-up protocols, except for the rate of perceived exertion and heart rate, which were higher after the long warm-up and after the 3-minute running test compared with the short warm-up. It was concluded that a short warm-up is as effective as a long warm-up for intermediate performance. Therefore, athletes can choose for themselves if they want to include a general part in their warm-up routines, even though it would not enhance their running performance more compared with only using a short, specific warm-up. However, to increase efficiency of time for training or competition, these short, specific warm-ups should be performed instead of long warm-ups.

show abstract

“…They provide strong evidence that Hill over-interpreted the finding from his original relatively simple experiments. The studies of Mauger and Sculthorpe2 and Beltrami et al 3 should insure that no longer can Hill's classic experiments be used as absolute proof that a maximal cardiac output ‘limits’ maximal exercise performance as a result of a ‘poisonous’ lactic acidosis.…”

Section: Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The issue begins with the complementary studies of Lex Mauger et al 2 from the University of Bedfordshire and Fernando Beltrami and his associates3 from the University of Cape Town. Their studies disprove perhaps the most fundamental idea on which Hill based his entire philosophy.…”

Section: When Is Vo2 Really ‘Max’?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conventional testing methods produce submaximal values of maximum oxygen consumption

Abstract: These findings go against the concept that a plateau in oxygen consumption measured during the classically described INC and VER represents a systemic limitation to oxygen use. The reasons for a higher VO(2) during INC(F) following the DEC test are unclear.

Cited by 37 publications

References 83 publications

Thomas Kuhn's ‘Structure of Scientific Revolutions’ applied to exercise science paradigm shifts: example including the Central Governor Model

Thomas Kuhn's ‘Structure of Scientific Revolutions’ applied to exercise science paradigm shifts: example including the Central Governor Model

Effects of Short or Long Warm-up on Intermediate Running Performance

The Central Governor Model in 2012: eight new papers deepen our understanding of the regulation of human exercise performance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About