Conventional vs. Organic Cucumber Production in Lebanon: Risk Assessment of the Recommended Agrochemicals on Consumer Health and the Environment

Fahed, Christina; Hayar, Salem

doi:10.1007/s42250-021-00238-8

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, citronellyl acetate was detected for the first time in this study. On the other hand, our study is in contrast with the results of a Tunisian report [ 2 , 34 ] wherein the authors evidenced a different chemotype characterized by a specific richness in 1,8-cineole (54%) and α-pinene (23%) and the total absence of citronellal, citronellol, and iso-pulegone. Apart from this, the data of the current study are in good agreement with the literature.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical pesticides are among the most applied agrochemicals for pest control. However, their repeated application has resulted in an increased risk of emergence of pest resistance and soil degradation, making the overuse of these synthetic pesticides a new problem for global environment preservation [ 1 , 2 ]. The potential hazardous effect on the environment and on human and animal health associated with the abuse of chemicals has encouraged scientists to search for eco-friendly alternatives for pest control [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Essential Oils and Biological Activities of Eucalyptus falcata, E. sideroxylon and E. citriodora Growing in Tunisia

Amri

Khammassi

Ayed

et al. 2023

Plants

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Many plants are able to synthesize essential oils (EOs), which play key roles in defense against weeds, fungi and pests. This study aims to analyze the chemical composition and to highlight the antioxidant, antimicrobial and phytotoxic properties of the EOs from Eucalyptus falcata, E. sideroxylon and E. citriodora growing in Tunisia. EOs were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and their antioxidant properties were determined by total antioxidant capacity (TAC), DPPH and ABTS assays. The phytotoxic potential was assessed against weeds (Sinapis arvensis, Phalaris canariensis) and durum wheat crop (Triticum durum) and compared to chemical herbicide glyphosate. The antifungal activity was investigated in vitro against eight target fungal strains. All EOs displayed a specific richness in oxygenated monoterpenes (51.3–90%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (4.8–29.4%), and 1,8-cineole, citronellal, citronellol, trans-pinocarveol, globulol, spathulenol and citronellyl acetate were the main constituents. Eucalyptus EOs exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity and E. citriodora oil exhibited significant activity when compared with E. falcata and E. sideroxylon EOs. The phytotoxic potential of the tested oils had different efficacy on seed germination and the growth of seedlings and varied among tested herbs and their chemical composition variability. Their effectiveness was better than that of glyphosate. At the post-emergence stage, symptoms of chlorosis and necrosis were observed. Furthermore, a decrease in chlorophyll and relative water content, electrolyte leakage and high levels of MDA and proline were indicators of the oxidative effects of EOs and their effectiveness as bioherbicides. Moreover, all the EOs exhibited moderate fungitoxic properties against all the tested fungal strains. Therefore, according to the obtained results, Eucalyptus EOs could have potential application as natural pesticides.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Oils and Biological Activities of Eucalyptus falcata, E. sideroxylon and E. citriodora Growing in Tunisia

Amri

Khammassi

Ayed

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…However, aquatic organisms, birds, and bees are sensitive to chlorfenapyr [81]. For explanatory purposes, the chlorfenapyr used against Japanese carp resulted in an LC 50 = 0.5 µg/L; in rainbow trout, LC 50 = 7.4 µg/L; in earthworm, LD 50 = 22 mg/kg; in quail, LD 50 = 34 mg/kg; in wild duck, LD 50 = 10 mg/kg; in honey bee, LD 50 = 0.2 µg each [82] (Figure 11).…”

Section: Environmental Toxicology Of Chlorfenapyrmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of the Current Knowledge of Chlorfenapyr: Synthesis, Mode of Action, Resistance, and Environmental Toxicology

Huang,

Yan,

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Creating new insecticide lead compounds based on the design and modification of natural products is a novel process, of which chlorfenapyr is a typical successful example. Chlorfenapyr is an arylpyrrole derivative that has high biological activity, a wide insecticidal spectrum, and a unique mode of action. For decades, a series of chlorfenapyr derivatives were designed and synthesized continuously, of which many highly active insecticidal compounds were discovered sequentially. However, due to the widespread application of chlorfenapyr and its degradation properties, some adverse effects, including pest resistance and environmental toxicity, occurred. In this review, a brief history of the discovery and development of chlorfenapyr is first introduced. Then, the synthesis, structural modification, structure activity relationship, and action mechanism of arylpyrroles are summarized. However, challenges and limitations still exist, especially in regard to the connection with pest resistance and environmental toxicology, which is discussed at the end of this review. This comprehensive summary of chlorfenapyr further promotes its progress and sensible application for pest management.

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“…The prediction results implied that guvermectin and its metabolites both had low accumulation and light toxicities. The relative lower risk of guvermectin and its metabolites to organisms might be due to the structure similarity with endogenous adenosine; however, the potent disruption in endocrine to nontarget organisms might occur as well; , for instance, adenine was used to induce chronic renal failure and hyperuricemia in mice at a feed dose of 0.2% (w/w). , In addition, metabolite psicofuranine shows in vitro activity against antibacterial and antitumor properties, and psicofuranine also inhibited the conversion of xanthosine-5′-phosphate to guanosine-5′-phosphate in bacteria, and no evidence was found in humans; therefore, long-term measurement and assessment should be carried out to prevent the chronic toxicity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake and Biotransformation of Guvermectin in Three Crops after In Vivo and In Vitro Exposure

Shi,

Pan,

et al. 2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Guvermectin, as a novel nucleoside-like biopesticide, could increase the rice yield excellently, but the potential environmental behaviors remain unclear, which pose potential health risks. Therefore, the uptake and biotransformation of guvermectin in three types of crops (rice, lettuce, and carrot) were first evaluated with a hydroponic system. Guvermectin could be rapidly absorbed and reached equilibrium in roots (12−36 h) and shoots (24−60 h) in three plants, and guvermectin was also vulnerable to dissipation in roots (t 1/2 1.02−3.65 h) and shoots (t 1/2 9.30−17.91 h). In addition, 8 phase I and 2 phase II metabolites, transformed from guvermectin degradation in vivo and in vitro exposure, were identified, and one was confirmed as psicofuranine, which had antibacterial and antitumor properties; other metabolites were nucleoside-like chemicals. Molecular simulation and quantitative polymerase chain reaction further demonstrated that guvermectin was metabolized by the catabolism pathway of an endogenous nucleotide. Guvermectin had similar metabolites in three plants, but the biotransformation ability had a strong species dependence. In addition, all the metabolites exhibit neglectable toxicities (bioconcentration factor <2000 L/kg b.w., LC 50,rat > 5000 mg/kg b.w.) by prediction. The study provided valuable evidence for the application of guvermectin and a better understanding of the biological behavior of nucleoside-like pesticides.

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Conventional vs. Organic Cucumber Production in Lebanon: Risk Assessment of the Recommended Agrochemicals on Consumer Health and the Environment

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Essential Oils and Biological Activities of Eucalyptus falcata, E. sideroxylon and E. citriodora Growing in Tunisia

Essential Oils and Biological Activities of Eucalyptus falcata, E. sideroxylon and E. citriodora Growing in Tunisia

A Comprehensive Review of the Current Knowledge of Chlorfenapyr: Synthesis, Mode of Action, Resistance, and Environmental Toxicology

Uptake and Biotransformation of Guvermectin in Three Crops after In Vivo and In Vitro Exposure

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