Convergence in client and counselor recall of important session events.

Kivlighan, Dennis M.; Arthur, Erin Gayle

doi:10.1037/0022-0167.47.1.79

Cited by 46 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Unfortunately, to this day there are no studies that have examined the reasoning behind those patient and therapist ratings. The present findings are of high clinical interest because several researchers found that patient and therapist agreement on what is going on in therapy is associated with better outcome (Cummings, Martin, Hallberg, & Slemon, 1992;Kivlighan and Arthur, 2000;Reis and Brown, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Change mechanisms in psychotherapy: Multiperspective assessment and relation to outcome

Mander

Wittorf

Schlarb

et al. 2013

Psychotherapy Research

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The study aimed at constructing a reliable and valid post-session questionnaire measuring general change mechanisms of psychotherapy with correspondent versions for patient and therapist perspectives. Therefore, 253 inpatients in early, middle, and late stages of psychotherapy completed the newly developed Scale for the Multiperspective Assessment of General Change Mechanisms in Psychotherapy (SACiP) and diverse outcome measures. The psychometric qualities of the SACiP were excellent as shown by (a) exploratory factor analyses on patient and therapist ratings, (b) confirmatory factor analyses on later measuring times, and (c) high internal consistencies. Supporting construct validity, the SACiP predicted outcome, as shown by correlational analyses and mixed effects modeling. Patient evaluations of change mechanisms were better predictors of outcome than the corresponding therapist evaluations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Change mechanisms in psychotherapy: Multiperspective assessment and relation to outcome

Mander

Wittorf

Schlarb

et al. 2013

Psychotherapy Research

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“…Of the 81 sessions in which ratings took place, the client and therapist reported events matched only 34% of the time. Similarly low levels of convergence between clients and therapists have consistently been found in other studies also examining the recall and interpretation of session events Dill-Standiford, Stiles, & Rorer, 1988;Kivlighan & Arthur, 2000;Martin & Stelmaczonek, 1988).…”

Section: Findings On Client-therapist Convergencementioning

confidence: 74%

“…Consistent with other studies of convergence (Long, 2001), this study used the third session in an attempt to minimize both problems. However, studies of convergence for the therapeutic alliance (see Tryon et al, 2007) and other therapy factors (e.g., Kivlighan & Arthur, 2000) have found convergence to improve over time. Thus, future research is needed to examine the role of measurement time in greater detail for the factors looked at in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Early psychotherapy processes: An examination of client and trainee clinician perspective convergence

Swift

Callahan

2009

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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Convergence in the therapist-client dyad has been hypothesized to play an important role in the development of the therapeutic relationship and in successful therapy outcomes. Further, understanding the client's views and opinions of treatment has been identified as a critical skill for therapists in training to learn in order to reach professional competency in conducting psychotherapy. This study assessed convergence for 151 trainee therapist-client dyads on the identification of goals and tasks of treatment and on ratings of the therapeutic relationship, effectiveness of therapy and the client's current coping ability with life stressors. Results indicated that trainee therapists' and clients' ratings were significantly correlated; however, trainee therapists were more negative in their ratings of the relationship and progress of treatment and matched their clients' goals for treatment only 31.1% of the time. Training and practice implications are discussed.

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“…Although therapists and clients may have different perceptions of the therapy relationship, researchers have argued that the more the client and therapist agree on their perceptions of the therapy, the better the outcome of treatment (Kivlighan & Arthur, 2000;Pepinsky & Karst, 1964). Although there is empirical evidence suggesting that convergence of perceptions is predictive of more positive outcome, there are studies in which that convergence has been found not to have a relationship to outcome (Fitzpatrick et al, 2005) or commitment to treatment (Meier & Donmall, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Relationships among client and counselor agreement about the working alliance, session evaluations, and change in client symptoms using response surface analysis.

Marmarosh

Kivlighan²

2012

Journal of Counseling Psychology

Self Cite

120

153

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Two studies explored how counselor and client agreement on the therapy alliance, at the beginning of treatment, influenced early session evaluations and symptom change. Unlike prior studies that operationalized alliance convergence as either a profile similarity correlation or a difference score, the present study used polynomial regression and response surface analysis to examine agreement. Study 1 explored the impact of working alliance congruence on session depth and smoothness at the 3rd session of treatment with 36 client-counselor dyads. Results revealed that session smoothness was greater when clients' and therapists' perceptions of the working alliance were in agreement and high compared with when they were in agreement and low. In addition, clients rated sessions less smooth when their ratings of the alliance were lower than their therapists' ratings of the alliance, and they rated sessions as more smooth when their ratings of the alliance were higher than their therapists' ratings of the alliance. The authors did not find a significant relationship with session depth. In Study 2, the authors explored the impact of working alliance congruence, at the 3rd session of therapy, on symptom change for 63 client-counselor dyads. Results revealed that as the therapist and client have more positive agreement on the perceived alliance at the beginning of the treatment, there is greater symptom change. The authors also found that the consequences of alliance disagreement are the same regardless of who rated the alliance higher than the other. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.

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Convergence in client and counselor recall of important session events.

Cited by 46 publications

References 19 publications

Change mechanisms in psychotherapy: Multiperspective assessment and relation to outcome

Change mechanisms in psychotherapy: Multiperspective assessment and relation to outcome

Early psychotherapy processes: An examination of client and trainee clinician perspective convergence

Relationships among client and counselor agreement about the working alliance, session evaluations, and change in client symptoms using response surface analysis.

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