“…In this context, the literature on the issue of carbon dioxide emissions convergence has been extensively explored in the literature, as documented in the survey articles by Pettersson et al (2014), Acar et al (2018, and Payne (2020). 3 In general, the evidence from large multi-country studies on the convergence of per capita carbon dioxide emissions has been generally mixed (see Nguyen Van, 2005;Aldy, 2006;Ezcurra, 2007a;Westerlund and Basher, 2008;Nourry, 2009;Panopoulou and Pantelidis, 2009;Brock and Taylor, 2010;Ordas Criado and Grether, 2011;Herrerias, 2013;Li and Lin, 2013;Acaravci and Erdogan, 2016;Ahmed et al 2017;Brannlund et al 2017;Churchill et al 2018;Rios and Gianmoena, 2018;Haider and Akram, 2019;and Fernandez-Amador et al 2019). However, studies focused on countries grouped by institutional structure, income classification, and geographic region lend greater support for convergence in per capita carbon dioxide emissions (see Strazicich and List, 2003;Barassi et al 2008Barassi et al , 2011Barassi et al , 2018Chang, 2008, 2009;Romero-Avila, 2008;Jobert et al 2010;Herrerias, 2012; 3 While we focus our attention on per capita carbon dioxide emissions, a number of studies have investigated other types of emissions.…”