“…They found that some of the observation instrument scores were psychometrically sound (i.e., favorable interrater reliability), but they caution their continued use because the scales may no longer be aligned to current conceptions of giftedness. Additionally, several other studies have also illustrated adequate validity and reliability of teacher ratings using different types of observation scales (see Hunter et al, 2018;Kettler & Albers, 2013;Lopata et al, 2020;Nordness et al, 2019;Reid et al, 2014;Smith et al, 2018). Further, to identify students for gifted services and to ensure the scores on the measures are reflective of studentobserved behaviors, teachers need to be provided adequate and appropriate training to use the scales (Renzulli et al, 2013;S ¸ahin & Çetinkaya, 2015;Styck et al, 2021;Szymanski & Shaff, 2013).…”