Convergent Projections from Perirhinal and Postrhinal Cortices Suggest a Multisensory Nature of Lateral, but Not Medial, Entorhinal Cortex

Doan, Thanh Pierre; Lagartos-Donate, Maria Jose; Nilssen, Eirik S.; Ohara, Shinya; Witter, Menno P.

doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.005

Cited by 83 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…A potential center for the integration of egocentric and allocentric spatial information in the rat brain is the POR: this structure projects strongly to the MEC that engages in the encoding of information of an allocentric spatial map (Burwell and Amaral, 1998b;Burwell, 2000;Wang et al, 2020). The POR also projects to the LEC, which is involved in the encoding of an egocentric spatial map and in object recognition memory (Burwell, 2000;Wang et al, 2018;Doan et al, 2019;LaChance et al, 2019). These studies support that the POR may act as a conduit for spatial information processing directed to both entorhinal subdivisions (Winters et al, 2004;LaChance et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Another study examining the POR supports a role for this structure in visual object discrimination (Furtak et al, 2012). The POR projects to both entorhinal cortices and a recent electrophysiological study suggests that LEC layer 2 receives input from POR and projections towards the MEC from POR are less prominent than previously suggested (Burwell and Amaral, 1998a,b;Doan et al, 2019). Furthermore, the POR is believed to receive information about items from the PRC to integrate a contextual representation (Heimer-McGinn et al, 2017;Park et al, 2017;Burke et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…For the POR, involvement in the encoding of the spatial arrangement of objects, or context has been suggested (Burwell, 2000;Wang et al, 2018Wang et al, , 2020Doan et al, 2019;LaChance et al, 2019). Furthermore, the POR may be involved in the processing of non-spatial information (Furtak et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Involvement of the Postrhinal and Perirhinal Cortices in Microscale and Macroscale Visuospatial Information Encoding

Sethumadhavan

Hoang

Strauch

et al. 2020

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Whereas the postrhinal cortex (POR) is a critical center for the integration of egocentric and allocentric spatial information, the perirhinal cortex (PRC) plays an important role in the encoding of objects that supports spatial learning. The POR and PRC send afferents to the hippocampus, a structure that builds complex associative memories from the spatial experience. Hippocampal encoding of item-place experience is accompanied by the nuclear expression of immediate early gene (IEGs). Subfields of the Cornus ammonius and subregions of the hippocampus exhibit differentiated and distinct encoding responses, depending on whether the spatial location and relationships of large highly visible items (macroscale encoding) or small partially concealed items (microscale encoding), is learned. But to what extent the PRC and POR support hippocampal processing of different kinds of item-place representations is unclear. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we examined the effect of macroscale (overt, landmark) and microscale (subtle, discrete) item-place learning on the nuclear expression of the IEG, Arc. We observed an increase in Arc mRNA in the caudal part of PRC area 35 and the caudal part of the POR after macroscale, but not microscale item-place learning. The caudal part of PRC area 36, the rostral and middle parts of PRC areas 35 and 36, as well as the middle part of the POR responded to neither type of item. These results suggest that macroscale items may contain a strong identity component that is processed by specific compartments of the PRC and POR. In contrast small, microscale items are not encoded by the POR or PRC, indicating that item dimensions may play a role in the involvement of these structures in item processing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Involvement of the Postrhinal and Perirhinal Cortices in Microscale and Macroscale Visuospatial Information Encoding

Sethumadhavan

Hoang

Strauch

et al. 2020

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…This effect is likely driven by the variable connectivity of the hippocampus to the surrounding isocortex along the anterior-posterior axis, rather than anterior-posterior variations in intrinsic connectivity of the hippocampus proper. Projections from the parahippocampus to the entorhinal cortex, subiculum and CA1 are clearly stratified into anterior (perirhinal) and posterior (postrhinal) tracts in the rodent brain 87,88 , which however converge as early as the lateral entorhinal cortex 89 . In line with this evidence, recent neuroimaging studies have shown more variability in rs-fMRI connectivity between anterior-posterior aspects of the MTL than between hippocampal subfields 90 and that subregions of the parahippocampal and entorhinal cortex exhibit preferential connectivity to either anterior or posterior aspects of the subiculum 44 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence of cortical types and functional motifs in the mesiotemporal lobe

Paquola

Benkarim

DeKraker

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The parahippocampus-hippocampus complex in the mesiotemporal lobe (MTL) is implicated in many different cognitive processes, is compromised in numerous disorders, and exhibits a unique cytoarchitectural transition from six-layered isocortex to three-layered allocortex. Our study leveraged an ultra-high-resolution histological reconstruction of a human brain to (i) develop a continuous surface model of the MTL iso-to-allocortex transition and (ii) quantitatively characterise the region's cytoarchitecture. We projected the model into the native space of in vivo functional magnetic resonance imaging of healthy adults to (iii) construct a generative model of its intrinsic circuitry and (iv) determine its relationship with distributed functional dynamics of macroscale isocortical fluctuations. We provide evidence that the most prominent axis of cytoarchitectural differentiation of the MTL follows infolding from iso-to-allocortex and is defined by depth-specific variations in neuron density. Intrinsic effective connectivity exhibited a more complex relationship to MTL geometry, varying across both iso-to-allocortical and anterior-posterior axes. Variation along the long axis of the MTL was associated with differentiation between transmodal and unimodal systems, with anterior regions linked to transmodal cortex. In contrast, the iso-to-allocortical gradient was associated with the multiple demand system, with isocortex linked to regions activated when task demands prohibit the use of prior knowledge. Our findings establish a novel model of the MTL, in which its broad influence on neural function emerges through the combination micro-and macro-scale structural features.

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“…visual) [Bieler et al, 2017; Maruyama & Komai, 2018], which could be a result of connectivity between primary sensory cortices [Stehberg, Dang, & Frostig, 2014]. In addition to primary unisensory cortices and their overlapping border regions, studies have identified the cerebellum [Ishikawa, Shimuta, & Häusser, 2015], insula [Rodgers et al, 2008], parietal cortex [Brett‐Green et al, 2003; Lippert et al, 2013; Menzel & Barth, 2005], prefrontal cortex [Lipton et al, 1999; Reid et al, 2014], perirhinal cortex [Jacklin, Cloke, Potvin, Garrett, & Winters, 2016], and the lateral entorhinal cortex [Doan, Lagartos‐Donate, Nilssen, Ohara, & Witter, 2019], as hubs for multisensory integration in rats. In addition to these cortical structures, studies in rats have also investigated the role of the superior colliculus (SC) in multisensory function on both the neural and behavioral level [Gharaei et al, 2018; Hirokawa et al, 2011; Lau et al, 2018; May, 2006; Sparks & Hartwich‐Young, 1989].…”

Section: Multisensory Studies In Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches to Understanding Multisensory Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020

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Abnormal sensory responses are a DSM‐5 symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and research findings demonstrate altered sensory processing in ASD. Beyond difficulties with processing information within single sensory domains, including both hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity, difficulties in multisensory processing are becoming a core issue of focus in ASD. These difficulties may be targeted by treatment approaches such as “sensory integration,” which is frequently applied in autism treatment but not yet based on clear evidence. Recently, psychophysical data have emerged to demonstrate multisensory deficits in some children with ASD. Unlike deficits in social communication, which are best understood in humans, sensory and multisensory changes offer a tractable marker of circuit dysfunction that is more easily translated into animal model systems to probe the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Paralleling experimental paradigms that were previously applied in humans and larger mammals, we and others have demonstrated that multisensory function can also be examined behaviorally in rodents. Here, we review the sensory and multisensory difficulties commonly found in ASD, examining laboratory findings that relate these findings across species. Next, we discuss the known neurobiology of multisensory integration, drawing largely on experimental work in larger mammals, and extensions of these paradigms into rodents. Finally, we describe emerging investigations into multisensory processing in genetic mouse models related to autism risk. By detailing findings from humans to mice, we highlight the advantage of multisensory paradigms that can be easily translated across species, as well as the potential for rodent experimental systems to reveal opportunities for novel treatments. Lay Summary Sensory and multisensory deficits are commonly found in ASD and may result in cascading effects that impact social communication. By using similar experiments to those in humans, we discuss how studies in animal models may allow an understanding of the brain mechanisms that underlie difficulties in multisensory integration, with the ultimate goal of developing new treatments. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1430–1449. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Convergent Projections from Perirhinal and Postrhinal Cortices Suggest a Multisensory Nature of Lateral, but Not Medial, Entorhinal Cortex

Cited by 83 publications

References 94 publications

Involvement of the Postrhinal and Perirhinal Cortices in Microscale and Macroscale Visuospatial Information Encoding

Involvement of the Postrhinal and Perirhinal Cortices in Microscale and Macroscale Visuospatial Information Encoding

Convergence of cortical types and functional motifs in the mesiotemporal lobe

Approaches to Understanding Multisensory Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder

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