Converging effects of a <i>Bifidobacterium</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i> probiotic strain on mouse intestinal physiology

Lomasney, Kevin W.; Cryan, John F.; Hyland, Niall P.

doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00401.2013

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…All of these probiotics are regarded as "good" bacteria, presumably inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria or pathogens and/or improving the immune system. [67][68][69] These probiotics were also found to reduce the symptoms of gastrointestinal disease, such as irritable bowel syndrome. 15,16,58,70 Probiotics may play an important role in gut-brain axis communication, thereby benefiting both the brain and the gut.…”

Section: Effects Of Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Probiotics on Central Nervous System Functions in Animals and Humans: A Systematic Review

Wang

Lee

Braun

et al. 2016

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

270

195

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To systematically review the effects of probiotics on central nervous system function in animals and humans, to summarize effective interventions (species of probiotic, dose, duration), and to analyze the possibility of translating preclinical studies. Literature searches were conducted in Pubmed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Only randomized controlled trials were included. In total, 38 studies were included: 25 in animals and 15 in humans (2 studies were conducted in both). Most studies used Bifidobacterium (eg, B. longum, B. breve, and B. infantis) and Lactobacillus (eg, L. helveticus, and L. rhamnosus), with doses between 10 9 and 10 10 colonyforming units for 2 weeks in animals and 4 weeks in humans. These probiotics showed efficacy in improving psychiatric disorderrelated behaviors including anxiety, depression, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), obsessive-compulsive disorder, and memory abilities, including spatial and non-spatial memory. Because many of the basic science studies showed some efficacy of probiotics on central nervous system function, this background may guide and promote further preclinical and clinical studies. Translating animal studies to human studies has obvious limitations but also suggests possibilities. Here, we provide several suggestions for the translation of animal studies. More experimental designs with both behavioral and neuroimaging measures in healthy volunteers and patients are needed in the future.

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Section: Effects Of Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Probiotics on Central Nervous System Functions in Animals and Humans: A Systematic Review

Wang

Lee

Braun

et al. 2016

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

270

195

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The collected data from previous studies demonstrated that alterations in the gut microflora can lead to GI disorders (19). Dietary components may influence microflora balance and modification (4,20), which can in turn reduce the incidence of several problems in the GI (3). Undeniably, greater attention is needed about the exposure duration of beneficial probiotics for health promotion (4,9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifications of mice gut microflora following oral consumption ofLactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum probiotics

Khavari-Daneshvar¹,

Mosavi²,

Khodayari³

et al. 2017

Turk J Med Sci

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Background/aim: Thirty male BALB/c mice were equally divided into three groups: control, L. acidophilus, and B. bifidum for the assessment of the probiotics' stability in the gut microflora.Materials and methods: First, the gut microflora of the mice was checked every 3 days (days 3, 6, 9, and 12) without probiotic consumption, and then the mice were daily given orally 1.5 g of probiotics in 30 cc of drinking water. The consumption of probiotics was then stopped for recovery and then the consumption continued for 5 months.Results: On day 9 after the consumption of the probiotics, L. acidophilus and B. bifidum were significantly increased from 4% to 83% and from 1% to 61%, respectively. L. acidophilus count showed no significant decrease at the end of 5 months compared to day 9 of probiotic consumption (74%), but B. bifidum count was dramatically decreased to 45% and 36% at the end of 1 and 5 months, respectively. Conclusion:Our results revealed that, unlike B. bifidum, the amount of L. acidophilus remained almost unchanged in the long term, indicating more stability of L. acidophilus than B. bifidum in the gut microflora.

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“…As described previously [20, 21], the dry-wet ratio of feces was measured to determine gastrointestinal transition rate in WT, β 1/2 -AR KO, and M 2/3 -R KO mice. Mice were separately placed in cages with wire flooring insets and allowed ad libitum access to water and food.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

β1/2 or M2/3 Receptors Are Required for Different Gastrointestinal Motility Responses Induced by Acupuncture at Heterotopic or Homotopic Acupoints

Gao

Zhao

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Acupuncture at homotopic acupoints or heterotopic acupoints is known to either inhibit or facilitate gastrointestinal motility, depending on the acupoint location. However, little effort has been made to investigate the roles of specific receptors (such as adrenergic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors) in mediating the effects of acupuncture at heterotopic and homotopic acupoints. Different adrenergic receptor subtypes or cholinergic receptor subtypes are predominantly expressed in various sections of the gut, resulting in variations between the effects of acupuncture at heterotopic or homotopic acupoints on gastrointestinal motility. Here, we investigated the role of β1/β2 receptors and M2/M3 receptors in gastrointestinal motility regulated by acupuncture at ST37, a heterotopic acupoint, and ST25, a homotopic acupoint, by simultaneously recording intraluminal pressures in the distal colon and stomach or jejunum and examining fecal phenol red excretion in β1/2 receptor-knockout mice and M2/3 receptor-knockout mice. We found that knockout of the M2/3 receptor significantly inhibited ST37 acupuncture-induced enhancement of gastric motility, jejunal motility, and colonic motility. Additionally, knocking out of the β1/2 receptor significantly diminished the ST25 acupuncture-induced inhibition of gastric motility and jejunal motility without significantly altering the enhancement of colonic motility induced by acupuncture at ST25. Acupuncture at ST37 significantly accelerated gastrointestinal transition in β1/2 receptor-knockout mice and their wild-type littermates. However, this acceleration of gastrointestinal transition was markedly diminished in M2/3 receptor-knockout mice relative to their wild-type littermates. Acupuncture at ST25 significantly increased gastrointestinal transition in β1/2 receptor-knockout mice and significantly decreased gastrointestinal transition in M2/3 receptor-knockout mice without altering gastrointestinal transition in wild-type littermates of either. Our study revealed that M2/3 receptors are required for the gastrointestinal motility associated with whole gastrointestinal transition enhanced by acupuncture at heterotopic acupoints, whereas β1/2 receptors are required for the same gastrointestinal motility processes inhibited by acupuncture at homotopic acupoints. Therefore, our findings reveal important biological mechanisms underlying acupuncture treatment of disorders involving gastrointestinal motility dysfunction.

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Converging effects of a Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus probiotic strain on mouse intestinal physiology

Cited by 31 publications

References 39 publications

Effect of Probiotics on Central Nervous System Functions in Animals and Humans: A Systematic Review

Effect of Probiotics on Central Nervous System Functions in Animals and Humans: A Systematic Review

Modifications of mice gut microflora following oral consumption ofLactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum probiotics

β1/2 or M2/3 Receptors Are Required for Different Gastrointestinal Motility Responses Induced by Acupuncture at Heterotopic or Homotopic Acupoints

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