Conversation Disrupts Change Detection in Complex Traffic Scenes

McCarley, Jason S.; Vais, Margaret J.; Pringle, Heather; Kramer, Arthur F.; Irwin, David; Strayer, David L.

doi:10.1518/hfes.46.3.424.1629

Cited by 27 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…Our results are not consistent with results from a number of laboratory and closed-road experimental studies (4,(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) involving portable cell phones, but are consistent with other real-world studies Fig. 1.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

“…Some studies suggest that conversing on a hands-free phone while driving may increase mental workload, (3)(4)(5) and decrease various aspects of driver performance. (4,(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) Other studies (14,15) have reached a different conclusion, finding that driving performance during simple conversations or voice communications was equal or superior to baseline driving performance. These previous studies, however, were conducted either in a laboratory, a driving simulator, or on a test track, and were not validated using realworld driving data.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Real‐World Personal Conversations Using a Hands‐Free Embedded Wireless Device While Driving: Effect on Airbag‐Deployment Crash Rates

Young

Schreiner

2009

Risk Analysis

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A wireless device embedded in the vehicle allowed the user to engage in a personal hands-free conversation (HFC), and automatically placed an emergency notification call to an OnStar call center if the vehicle was involved in a crash in which its airbag deployed. A database stored the exact counts, start timestamps, and billed durations of all HFC and airbag notification calls. In 30 months of naturalistic driving, there were 91 million HFC calls from an average of 323,994 drivers per month who made calls. There were 14 airbag deployments in 276 million driver-minutes of HFC conversation for an exposed incidence rate of 5.08 airbag crashes per 100 million driver-minutes. There were 2,023 airbag deployments in an estimated 24.7 billion driver-minutes of no HFC conversation for a not-exposed incidence rate of 8.18 airbag crashes per 100 million driver-minutes. The crash incidence rate ratio (IRR) is the ratio of these two rates or 0.62 (95% C.I. 0.37 to 1.05). Sensitivity analyses controlled for the impact on the crash IRR of estimated time spent driving per day and calls by passengers. Counting all crashes as much as 20 minutes later than a call as related to that call gave similar results. We conclude that for personal conversations using a hands-free embedded device the risk of an airbag crash is somewhere in a range from a moderately lower risk to a risk near that of driving without a recent personal conversation. These results are not consistent with the large increase in crash risk reported in epidemiological studies using the case-crossover method.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Real‐World Personal Conversations Using a Hands‐Free Embedded Wireless Device While Driving: Effect on Airbag‐Deployment Crash Rates

Young

Schreiner

2009

Risk Analysis

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“…Interestingly, the results demonstrate a significant interaction between error location in the visual field and auditory and visual distracters, indicating that both forms of distracter result in an increase in errors at more peripheral locations, which effectively narrows the attentional field. Researchers have reported that drivers miss more traffic signs, respond more slowly, 29 and are less likely to detect changes in the driving scene 30 when engaged in a secondary auditory task. Strayer and Johnson 29 also proposed that the locus of interference in such tasks is at a central cognitive site and that the secondary auditory task produces a form of inattentional blindness, whereby the secondary task draws attention from the visual scene to the auditory stimulus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Auditory and Visual Distracters on the Useful Field of View: Implications for the Driving Task

Wood

Chaparro

Hickson

et al. 2006

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…For example, lapses have been associated with motor vehicle and operator-related train accidents. [166][167][168] Additionally, persistent deficits in sustained attention can have far-reaching negative impacts on quality of life. Recently, several novel lines of research have suggested that it is possible to enhance sustained attention, which has important implications for reducing lapses and improving clinical outcomes.…”

Section: Modulating Sustained Attention Abilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent theoretical, neural, and clinical advances in sustained attention research

Fortenbaugh

DeGutis

Esterman

2017

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

217

161

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Models of attention often distinguish between attention subtypes, with classic models separating orienting, switching, and sustaining functions. Compared to other forms of attention, the neurophysiological basis of sustaining attention has received far less attention yet it is known that momentary failures of sustained attention can have far ranging negative impacts in healthy individuals and lasting sustained attention deficits are pervasive in clinical populations. In recent years, however, there has been increased interest in characterizing moment-to-moment fluctuations in sustained attention in addition to the overall vigilance decrement and understanding how these neurocognitive systems change over the lifespan and across various clinical populations. The use of novel neuroimaging paradigms and statistical approaches has allowed for better characterization of the neural networks supporting sustained attention, and highlighted dynamic interactions within and across multiple distributed networks that predict behavioral performance. These advances have also provided potential biomarkers to identify individuals with sustained attention deficits. These findings have led to new theoretical models of why sustaining focused attention is a challenge for individuals and form the basis for the next generation of sustained attention research, which seeks to accurately diagnose and develop theoretically-driven treatments for sustained attention deficits that affect a variety of clinical populations.

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Conversation Disrupts Change Detection in Complex Traffic Scenes

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Real‐World Personal Conversations Using a Hands‐Free Embedded Wireless Device While Driving: Effect on Airbag‐Deployment Crash Rates

Real‐World Personal Conversations Using a Hands‐Free Embedded Wireless Device While Driving: Effect on Airbag‐Deployment Crash Rates

The Effect of Auditory and Visual Distracters on the Useful Field of View: Implications for the Driving Task

Recent theoretical, neural, and clinical advances in sustained attention research

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