Conversational role influences speech imitation

Pardo, Jennifer S.; Jay, Isabel Cajori; Krauss, Robert M.

doi:10.3758/bf03196699

Cited by 104 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Goldinger found that participants chose the shadowing response significantly more often than the token from the preexperimental recording session, showing that the shadowing response imitates, to some extent, the stimulus. Using the AXB task, Pardo and co-workers (Pardo, 2006;Pardo, Jay, & Krauss, 2010) showed that this form of phonetic imitation is not restricted to the somewhat unnatural shadowing task, in that the same pattern is also observed if 2 participants have a conversation. Tokens of the same word from two interlocutors sound more similar after the conversation when compared with preconversation recordings.…”

Section: Abstract Speech Perception Speech Production Psycholingumentioning

confidence: 95%

Regional accent variation in the shadowing task: Evidence for a loose perception–action coupling in speech

Mitterer

Müsseler

2013

Atten Percept Psychophys

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We investigated the relation between action and perception in speech processing, using the shadowing task, in which participants repeat words they hear. In support of a tight perception-action link, previous work has shown that phonetic details in the stimulus influence the shadowing response. On the other hand, latencies do not seem to suffer if stimulus and response differ in their articulatory properties. The present investigation tested how perception influences production when participants are confronted with regional variation. Results showed that participants often imitate a regional variation if it occurs in the stimulus set but tend to stick to their variant if the stimuli are consistent. Participants were forced or induced to correct by the experimental instructions. Articulatory stimulus-response differences do not lead to latency costs. These data indicate that speech perception does not necessarily recruit the production system. Keywords Speech perception . Speech production . PsycholinguisticsWhat we hear influences how we speak. For instance, children almost always take over the accent of their peer group and are remarkably flexible in this respect. Baron-Cohen and Staunton (1994) reported a case in which a 4.5-year-old boy, who moved from London to Dublin, changed from a Hackney to an Irish accent of English within just 2 months. But even in adulthood, accents are flexible. Most readers are probably familiar with the fact that moving within one country often leads to accent changes in the direction of the new regional accent. Such slow changes are also documented on more than an anecdotal basis. For instance, an ingenious study by Harrington, Palethorpe, and Watson (2000) measured vowel acoustics in the Christmas address by the Queen of England from the sixties and eighties of the 20th century and compared them with the vowels of BBC broadcasters from the eighties. The latter group was taken as an indication of the state of "modern" (i.e., eighties) Received Pronunciation. As it turns out, the Queen's English-the actual and not the metaphorical one-had changed in the direction of the "modern" Received Pronunciation. Such changes in articulation patterns based on ambient input raises the question of how speech perception and speech production are coupled. In this study, we investigated this question by presenting participants with regional pronunciation variants in German, asking them to repeat them as quickly as possible.With this paradigm, we tested, first, to what extent participants imitate the pronunciation variants and, second, whether the failure to imitate has consequences for response latencies in the task.Previous research has also investigated the relation between speech perception and production at a more microscopic level in experiments by using a shadowing task, in which participants are asked to repeat spoken utterances as quickly as possible. Mirroring the macroscopic language changes in the examples of the Queen's English, results from this task have indicated phonetic im...

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Section: Abstract Speech Perception Speech Production Psycholingumentioning

confidence: 95%

Regional accent variation in the shadowing task: Evidence for a loose perception–action coupling in speech

Mitterer

Müsseler

2013

Atten Percept Psychophys

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“…The paradigm provides the opportunity to directly manipulate acoustic dimensions in a manner unattainable in natural social interactions (e.g., Pardo, 2006; Pardo et al, 2010). Yet, it also provides a context a bit closer to natural listening environments than altered vocal feedback (Perkell, 2012; Scheerer & Jones, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Dimension‐Based Statistical Learning Affects Both Speech Perception and Production

Lehet

Holt

2016

Cognitive Science

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Multiple acoustic dimensions signal speech categories. However, dimensions vary in their informativeness; some are more diagnostic of category membership than others. Speech categorization reflects these dimensional regularities such that diagnostic dimensions carry more “perceptual weight” and more effectively signal category membership to native listeners. Yet, perceptual weights are malleable. When short-term experience deviates from long-term language norms, such as in a foreign accent, the perceptual weight of acoustic dimensions in signaling speech category membership rapidly adjusts. The present study investigated whether rapid adjustments in listeners’ perceptual weights in response to speech that deviates from the norms also affects listeners’ own speech productions. In a word recognition task, the correlation between two acoustic dimensions signaling consonant categories, fundamental frequency (F0) and voice onset time (VOT), matched the correlation typical of English, then shifted to an “artificial accent” that reversed the relationship, and then shifted back. Brief, incidental exposure to the artificial accent caused participants to down-weight perceptual reliance on F0, consistent with previous research. Throughout the task, participants were intermittently prompted with pictures to produce these same words. In the block in which listeners heard the artificial accent with a reversed F0 x VOT correlation, F0 was a less robust cue to voicing in listeners’ own speech productions. The statistical regularities of short-term speech input affect both speech perception and production, as evidenced via shifts in how acoustic dimensions are weighted.

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“…This phonetic convergence (also known as phonetic accommodation, speech accommodation, and speech alignment), has been found to manifest in convergence along acoustical speech characteristics, including speech rate (e.g., Street, 1984), vocal intensity (e.g., Natale, 1975), and vowel spectra (e.g., Pardo, Gibbons, Suppes, & Krauss, 2012). Although phonetic convergence typically occurs without intent, the degree to which perceivers converge to the speech of conversational partners can be influenced by the social dynamics of a conversational interaction (e.g., Pardo, 2006;Pardo, Jay, & Krauss, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

Visibility of speech articulation enhances auditory phonetic convergence

Dias

Rosenblum

2015

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Talkers automatically imitate aspects of perceived speech, a phenomenon known as phonetic convergence. Talkers have previously been found to converge to auditory and visual speech information. Furthermore, talkers converge more to the speech of a conversational partner who is seen and heard, relative to one who is just heard (Dias & Rosenblum Perception, 40, 1457-1466, 2011. A question raised by this finding is what visual information facilitates the enhancement effect. In the following experiments, we investigated the possible contributions of visible speech articulation to visual enhancement of phonetic convergence within the noninteractive context of a shadowing task. In Experiment 1, we examined the influence of the visibility of a talker on phonetic convergence when shadowing auditory speech either in the clear or in low-level auditory noise. The results suggest that visual speech can compensate for convergence that is reduced by auditory noise masking. Experiment 2 further established the visibility of articulatory mouth movements as being important to the visual enhancement of phonetic convergence. Furthermore, the word frequency and phonological neighborhood density characteristics of the words shadowed were found to significantly predict phonetic convergence in both experiments. Consistent with previous findings (e.g., Goldinger Psychological Review, 105, 251-279, 1998), phonetic convergence was greater when shadowing low-frequency words. Convergence was also found to be greater for low-density words, contrasting with previous predictions of the effect of phonological neighborhood density on auditory phonetic convergence (e.g., Pardo, Jordan, Mallari, Scanlon, & Lewandowski Journal of Memory and Language, 69, 183-195, 2013). Implications of the results for a gestural account of phonetic convergence are discussed.

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Conversational role influences speech imitation

Cited by 104 publications

References 41 publications

Regional accent variation in the shadowing task: Evidence for a loose perception–action coupling in speech

Regional accent variation in the shadowing task: Evidence for a loose perception–action coupling in speech

Dimension‐Based Statistical Learning Affects Both Speech Perception and Production

Visibility of speech articulation enhances auditory phonetic convergence

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