Converse piezoelectric responses in nonpiezoelectric materials implemented via asymmetric configurations of electrodes

Baskaran, Sivapalan; Thiruvannamalai, Sankar; Heo, Hyun; Lee, Ho‐Joon; Francis, Sebastian Maliyakal; Ramachandran, N.; Fu, John Y.

doi:10.1063/1.3486459

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Further, converse piezoelectricity can be achieved by applying an electric field E instead of the mechanical stress. The effective piezoelectric coefficient of the composite for the direct ( d 33,direct )24, 40 and converse ( d 33,converse )81 cases can be described as follows: where ∇ 3 T 3 ( ∇ 3 E 3 ) is the stress (electric field) gradient in the z axis, $ T^{\rm \prime}_{\rm 3} $ ($ E^{\rm \prime}_{\rm 3} $ ) is the uniform stress (electric field) generated across the upper and lower surfaces of the composite, and c11 is the elastic constant of the dielectric material. The proposed composite has been studied experimentally.…”

Section: Flexoelectricity In Hard Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Flexoelectricity

et al. 2013

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Electromechanical effects are ubiquitous in biological and materials systems. Understanding the fundamentals of these coupling phenomena is critical to devising next-generation electromechanical transducers. Piezoelectricity has been studied in detail, in both the bulk and at mesoscopic scales. Recently, an increasing amount of attention has been paid to flexoelectricity: electrical polarization induced by a strain gradient. While piezoelectricity requires crystalline structures with no inversion symmetry, flexoelectricity does not carry this requirement, since the effect is caused by inhomogeneous strains. Flexoelectricity explains many interesting electromechanical behaviors in hard crystalline materials and underpins core mechanoelectric transduction phenomena in soft biomaterials. Most excitingly, flexoelectricity is a size-dependent effect which becomes more significant in nanoscale systems. With increasing interest in nanoscale and nano-bio hybrid materials, flexoelectricity will continue to gain prominence. This Review summarizes work in this area. First, methods to amplify or manipulate the flexoelectric effect to enhance material properties will be investigated, particularly at nanometer scales. Next, the nature and history of these effects in soft biomaterials will be explored. Finally, some theoretical interpretations for the effect will be presented. Overall, flexoelectricity represents an exciting phenomenon which is expected to become more considerable as materials continue to shrink.

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Section: Flexoelectricity In Hard Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Flexoelectricity

et al. 2013

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“…η and γ i (i = 1, 2) are the flexoelectric coefficients. Therefore, substituting equations ( 6)- (10) into equation ( 4), the internal energy density function can be rewritten as…”

Section: The Electric Enthalpy and Constitutive Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, for the inverse flexoelectric effect, Fu et al [2] reported the elastic stress induced in a BST composition trapezoid block under the inhomogeneous electric fields generated by its chosen boundary shape. Baskaran et al [10] have proved that the converse piezoelectric response in non-piezoelectric dielectrics can be generated by manipulating the asymmetric configuration of electrodes. In addition, the converse flexoelectric effect in a lead zirconate titanate microbeam has been demonstrated by Shen and Chen [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A flexoelectric theory with rotation gradient effects for elastic dielectrics

Zhou

et al. 2015

Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng.

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In this paper, a general flexoelectric theory in the framework of couple stress theory is proposed for isotropic dielectrics, in which the rotation gradient and the polarization gradient are involved to represent the nonlocal mechanical and electrical effects, respectively. The present flexoelectric theory shows only the anti-symmetric part of rotation gradient can induce polarization, while the symmetric part of rotation gradient cannot induce polarization in isotropic dielectrics. The electrostatic stress is obtained naturally in the governing equations and boundary conditions in terms of the variational principle, which is composed of two parts: the Maxwell stress corresponding to the polarization and the remainder relating to the polarization gradient. The current theory is able to account for the effects of size, direct and inverse flexoelectricities, and electrostatic force. To illustrate this theory, a simple application of Bernoulli–Euler cantilever beam is discussed. The numerical results demonstrate neither the higher-order constant l1 nor the higher-order constant l2 associated with the symmetric and anti-symmetric parts of rotation gradient, respectively, can be ignored in the flexoelectric theory. In addition, the induced deflection increases as the increase of the flexoelectric coefficient. The polarization is no longer constant and the potential is no longer linear along the thickness direction of beam because of the influence of polarization gradient.

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“…How to establish the inhomogeneous electric field (electric field gradient) is the main problem that occurs in flexoelectric actuator applications. Different inhomogeneous electric field methods are discussed, such as comb electrode, 26 trapezoid flexoelectric block, 27 asymmetric electrode configuration 28 and others. However, there are no analysis expressions for the electric field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexoelectric control of beams with atomic force microscope probe excitation

Zhang

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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Based on the converse flexoelectric effect, flexoelectric actuator is designed and used to control the dynamic displacement of cantilever beams. First, shell-type stress expression based on double-curvature shell induced by the converse flexoelectric effect is developed, which can be simplified to a flexoelectric-laminated cantilever beam by applying two Lamé parameters and beam radius of curvature. Then, the flexoelectric actuator is designed with a conductive atomic force microscope probe and a flexoelectric layer. An inhomogeneous electric field is generated when the external voltage is applied on the atomic force microscope probe and the flexoelectric layer, which leads to stress in the longitudinal direction of beam and control moment. With the flexoelectric-induced bending moment, displacement induced by the external force and flexoelectric actuator is derived. The displacement is related to many parameters, such as actuation voltage, atomic force microscope probe radius and flexoelectric layer thickness. Cases are studied to optimize the control effect with different parameters. Results show that vibration control effect is enhanced with a higher actuation voltage and a smaller atomic force microscope probe radius for each mode. Besides, the thicker flexoelectric layer enhances the control effect with a larger bending moment arm for each mode. Dynamic vibration is controlled effectively by converse flexoelectric effect.

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Converse piezoelectric responses in nonpiezoelectric materials implemented via asymmetric configurations of electrodes

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

Nanoscale Flexoelectricity

Nanoscale Flexoelectricity

A flexoelectric theory with rotation gradient effects for elastic dielectrics

Flexoelectric control of beams with atomic force microscope probe excitation

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