Conversion and transformation of N species during pyrolysis of wood-based panels: A review

Xu, Deliang; Liu, Yang; Ming, Zhao; Zhang, Jinrui; Syed‐Hassan, Syed Shatir A.; Sun, Hongqi; Hu, Xun; Zhang, Hong; Zhang, Shu

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116120

Cited by 48 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…These results implied that the addition of glucose favored the homogeneous distribution of elements in the surface and bulk of the carbon materials, which is probably helpful for the improvement of electrochemical performance. , The N 1s high-resolution XPS spectra and survey spectra are exhibited in Figure . The peaks at the binding energies of 400.6, 399.6, and 398.4 eV represent graphitic, pyridinic, and pyrrolic nitrogen, respectively, of which the fractions are shown in Table . ,, The contents of pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen were higher in AHSG-750 than those in AHS-750, resulting in the better electrochemical performance. This result was in good agreement with other publications, which reported that pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen increased the capacitance of nitrogen-doped carbon materials, while graphitic nitrogen played an insignificant role because the lone pair electrons of pyridinic nitrogen and pyrrolic nitrogen may form a p−π conjugation with the valence layer electrons of the carbon atom, and the electrons can be better collected and released during the charge and discharge process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algae-Derived Nitrogen Self-Doped Porous Carbon Materials with High Supercapacitor Performances

Wang

et al. 2021

Energy Fuels

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The design of carbon materials with high electrochemical performances is desirable to fulfill the demands of next-generation supercapacitors. In this study, porous nitrogen-doped carbon materials were prepared by hydrothermal carbonization and KOH activation using a renewable algae as the nitrogen source and partly carbon source. Addition of glucose as a promoter was found to favor the formation of homogeneous spherical structure and retention of nitrogen in the solid phase, resulting in excellent capacitive properties. Under optimized conditions, the algae-derived nitrogen self-doped porous carbon materials had a high specific surface area of 1893.26 m2/g, a high nitrogen content of 2.9 wt %, and a large gravimetric capacitance of 335.5 F/g in a 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte. After 5000 cycles, the assembled supercapacitor still maintained 89.41% of the initial capacitance, demonstrating a good cycling stability. The results indicated that renewable algae could be a promising nitrogen source for the production of N-doped carbon materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algae-Derived Nitrogen Self-Doped Porous Carbon Materials with High Supercapacitor Performances

Wang

et al. 2021

Energy Fuels

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“…For smaller feedstocks, homogeneous heat convection and conduction could ensure a high graphitization degree of pyrolytic carbon. [ 45 ] The obtained wood powders were compacted in a corundum jar, which was transferred into a tubular reactor, ramped progressively to 800 °C at a heating rate 5 °C min −1 , and maintained for 2 h under a CO 2 flow rate of 100 mL min −1 . CO 2 purging could guarantee more defects and functionalities (Boudouard reaction: C + CO 2 → 2CO, temperature > 720 °C) to anchor metals in the following steps.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing Intrinsic Relations Between Cu Scales and Radical/Nonradical Oxidations to Regulate Nucleophilic/Electrophilic Catalysis

Wan

Cao

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Copper/carbon catalysts under different electron‐transfer regimes can evolve both radical and nonradical pathways in peroxide activation. However, the underlying trigger to manipulate the transition in between is unclear. Herein, it is revealed that Cu species in a state of sub‐nanometre particles (SNPs, < 1 nm) exhibits an electrophilic nature, which is opposite to its nucleophilic nature at a larger scale (nanoclusters, > 1 nm). This switch between nucleophile/electrophile nature leads to distinct catalytic mechanisms in activating peroxymonosulfate, i.e., nonradical 1O2 surface‐bound upon Cu SNPs and unleashed radical •OH induced by Cu nanoclusters. The vacancy defects of biomass‐derived carbon can stabilize Cu SNPs via a CuVC configuration, circumventing the contemporary difficulties in coordinating/preserving MetalNC bonding. Depth profiling, chemical probes, and charge density difference modeling support the regulable electroactive nature over modulated Cu scales. This featured system is applied for tetracycline degradation, and Cu SNPs demonstrates the highest efficacy with their better peroxymonosulfate confinement in nonradical regime (88.9% removal, nucleophilic activation). Comparatively, severe Cu leaching caused by radical erosion (44.8% removal, electron‐donation) is undesirable. Overall, a regulable heterogeneous catalysis is unraveled over carbon‐supported Cu sites through scaling modulation and defect engineering. This study illuminates a promising path for customizing biomass‐derived Cu‐based catalysts to achieve versatile catalysis.

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“…One smaller shoulder peak at around 300 °C presented in the DTG curve of WW-UF was ascribed to the release of light volatile matters formed by pyrolysis of hemicellulose and UF resin in the WW-UF [14,46], which vanished in all the DTG curves of those hydrochar, indicating the decomposition of hemicellulose and UF resin with HTC temperature at 180 °C. The obtained TG and DTG curves could be used to evaluate the combustion parameters such as ignition temperature (T i ), burnout temperature (T b ), and maximum peak temperature (T p ) [47,48].…”

Section: Combustion Characteristics Of Hydrocharmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of hydrochar and process water formed by hydrothermal carbonization of waste wood containing urea–formaldehyde resin

Shi

Tang

Liu

et al. 2021

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Conversion of waste wood containing urea-formaldehyde resin (WW-UF) into solid fuel with lower nitrogen content and better fuel property through the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process was studied. With the increase of HTC temperature from 180 to 260 °C, the mass yield and energy yield of the hydrochar decreased from 81.2 to 38.7% and from 81.6 to 62.3%, respectively, while the higher heating values (HHV) of the hydrochar increased from 19.2 to 27.1 MJ/kg. Due to the hydrolysis of urea-formaldehyde resin into urea, the denitrogenation efficiency could reach over 80% at 180 °C. However, the denitrogenation efficiency decreased at elevated HTC temperature because of the condensation/polymerization of urea with carbohydrate derivatives. The combustion and pelletization behaviors of the hydrochar were all improved compared to that of the raw WW-UF. FT-IR spectra confirmed that the UF resin and hemicellulose in the WW-UF could be hydrolyzed at 180 °C, but carbonization of cellulose occurred with HTC temperature over 240 °C. The process water was analyzed by LC-MS/MS to confirm that the mono-saccharides, carboxylic acids, carbocyclic compounds, O-heterocyclic compounds, and N-heterocyclic compounds were presented in process water. The study confirmed that hydrothermal carbonization could be one promising method to covert the WW-UF into clean and efficient solid fuel.

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Conversion and transformation of N species during pyrolysis of wood-based panels: A review

Cited by 48 publications

References 95 publications

Algae-Derived Nitrogen Self-Doped Porous Carbon Materials with High Supercapacitor Performances

Algae-Derived Nitrogen Self-Doped Porous Carbon Materials with High Supercapacitor Performances

Revealing Intrinsic Relations Between Cu Scales and Radical/Nonradical Oxidations to Regulate Nucleophilic/Electrophilic Catalysis

Characterization of hydrochar and process water formed by hydrothermal carbonization of waste wood containing urea–formaldehyde resin

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