Conversion Coefficients for Radiological Protection Quantities for External Radiation Exposures

Petoussi-Henss, Nina; Bolch, Wesley E.; Eckerman, K.F.; Endo, Akira; Hertel, Nolan E.; Hunt, John; Pelliccioni, M.; Schlattl, Helmut; Zankl, M.

doi:10.1016/j.icrp.2011.10.001

Cited by 378 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Although there are some very high skin doses due to low energy beta emitters [39], in the Chornobyl liquidators “photon energy spectra varied from one location to another and from one time period to another but were generally centered between 0.15 and 0.4 MeV” [32]. In the range of energy from 0.15 to 0.4 MeV, dose does not vary much with energy or from one organ/tissue to another [40]. Both blood and epithelial tissue are highly regenerative tissues with a continuous need for repopulation and a base of stem cells needed for lifetime renewal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buccal mucosa micronuclei counts in relation to exposure to low dose-rate radiation from the Chornobyl nuclear accident and other medical and occupational radiation exposures

Bazyka¹,

Finch²,

Ilienko³

et al. 2017

Environ Health

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BackgroundIonizing radiation is a well-known carcinogen. Chromosome aberrations, and in particular micronuclei represent an early biological predictor of cancer risk. There are well-documented associations of micronuclei with ionizing radiation dose in some radiation-exposed groups, although not all. That associations are not seen in all radiation-exposed groups may be because cells with micronuclei will not generally pass through mitosis, so that radiation-induced micronuclei decay, generally within a few years after exposure.MethodsBuccal samples from a group of 111 male workers in Ukraine exposed to ionizing radiation during the cleanup activities at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant were studied. Samples were taken between 12 and 18 years after their last radiation exposure from the Chornobyl cleanup. The frequency of binucleated micronuclei was analyzed in relation to estimated bone marrow dose from the cleanup activities along with a number of environmental/occupational risk factors using Poisson regression adjusted for overdispersion.ResultsAmong the 105 persons without a previous cancer diagnosis, the mean Chornobyl-related dose was 59.5 mSv (range 0–748.4 mSv). There was a borderline significant increase in micronuclei frequency among those reporting work as an industrial radiographer compared with all others, with a relative risk of 6.19 (95% CI 0.90, 31.08, 2-sided p = 0.0729), although this was based on a single person. There was a borderline significant positive radiation dose response for micronuclei frequency with increase in micronuclei per 1000 scored cells per Gy of 3.03 (95% CI -0.78, 7.65, 2-sided p = 0.1170), and a borderline significant reduction of excess relative MN prevalence with increasing time since last exposure (p = 0.0949). There was a significant (p = 0.0388) reduction in MN prevalence associated with bone X-ray exposure, but no significant trend (p = 0.3845) of MN prevalence with numbers of bone X-ray procedures.ConclusionsThere are indications of increasing trends of micronuclei prevalence with Chornobyl-cleanup-associated dose, and indications of reduction in radiation-associated excess prevalence of micronuclei with time after exposure. There are also indications of substantially increased micronuclei associated with work as an industrial radiographer. This analysis adds to the understanding of the long-term effects of low-dose radiation exposures on relevant cellular structures and methods appropriate for long-term radiation biodosimetry.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12940-017-0273-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buccal mucosa micronuclei counts in relation to exposure to low dose-rate radiation from the Chornobyl nuclear accident and other medical and occupational radiation exposures

Bazyka¹,

Finch²,

Ilienko³

et al. 2017

Environ Health

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“…The conversion coefficients C j (T*) are considered according to Pelliccioni (2000) and Petoussi-Henss et al (2010).…”

Section: Assessment Of Spectral and Angular Constraints Of Sub-gle Pamentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of spectral and angular characteristics of sub-GLE events using the global neutron monitor network

Mishev

Poluianov

Usoskin

2017

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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-New recently installed high-altitude polar neutron monitors (NMs) have made the worldwide NM network more sensitive to strong solar energetic particle (SEP) events, registered at ground level, namely ground-level enhancement (GLE) events. The DOMC/B and South Pole NMs in addition to marginal cut-off rigidity also possess lower atmospheric cut-off compared to the sea level. As a result, the two high-altitude polar NM stations are able to detect lower energy SEP events, which most likely would not be registered by the other (near sea level) NMs. Here, we consider several candidates for such type of events called sub-GLEs. Using the worldwide NM database (NMDB) records and an optimization procedure combined with simulation of the global NM network response, we assess the spectral and angular characteristics of sub-GLE particles. With the estimated spectral characteristics as an input, we evaluate the effective dose rate in polar and sub-polar regions at typical commercial flight altitude. Hence, we demonstrate that the global NM network is a useful tool to estimate important space weather effects, e.g., the aircrew exposure due to cosmic rays of galactic and/or solar origins.

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“…The current article summarizes the methods implemented in the parent study (7) and applied in INWORKS to convert nuclear workers’ recorded doses to estimates of the mean absorbed dose to an organ of interest (i.e., D T ) or personal dose equivalent in soft tissue at a depth of 10 mm [i.e., H p (10)] (22, 23). Correction factors accounting for differences in dosimeter response to conditions of exposure have been modified from previous work (7) in accordance with recent recommendations from the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose Estimation for a Study of Nuclear Workers in France, the United Kingdom and the United States of America: Methods for the International Nuclear Workers Study (INWORKS)

et al. 2015

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In the framework of the International Nuclear Workers Study conducted in France, the UK and the U.S. (INWORKS), updated and expanded methods were developed to convert recorded doses of ionizing radiation to estimates of organ doses or individual personal dose equivalent [Hp(10)] for a total number of 308,297 workers, including 40,035 women. This approach accounts for differences in dosimeter response to predominant workplace energy and geometry of exposure and for the recently published ICRP report on dose coefficients for men and women separately. The overall mean annual individual personal dose equivalent, including zero doses, is 1.73 mSv [median = 0.42; interquartile range (IQR): 0.07, 1.59]. Associated individual organ doses were estimated. INWORKS includes workers who had potential for exposure to neutrons. Therefore, we analyzed neutron dosimetry data to identify workers potentially exposed to neutrons. We created a time-varying indicator for each worker, classifying them according to whether they had a positive recorded neutron dose and if so, whether their neutron dose ever exceeded 10% of their total external penetrating radiation dose. The number of workers flagged as being exposed to neutrons was 13% for the full cohort, with 15% of the cohort in France, 12% of the cohort in the UK and 14% in the U.S. We also used available information on in vivo and bioassay monitoring to identify workers with known depositions or suspected internal contaminations. As a result of this work, information is now available that will allow various types of sensitivity analyses.

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Conversion Coefficients for Radiological Protection Quantities for External Radiation Exposures

Abstract: Conversion Coefficients for Radiological Protection Quantities for External Radiation Exposures * If the monitoring devices are not designed to measure H 0 (3, X) or H p (3), H 0 (0.07, X) and H p (0.07) may be applied.

Cited by 378 publications

References 70 publications

Buccal mucosa micronuclei counts in relation to exposure to low dose-rate radiation from the Chornobyl nuclear accident and other medical and occupational radiation exposures

Buccal mucosa micronuclei counts in relation to exposure to low dose-rate radiation from the Chornobyl nuclear accident and other medical and occupational radiation exposures

Assessment of spectral and angular characteristics of sub-GLE events using the global neutron monitor network

Dose Estimation for a Study of Nuclear Workers in France, the United Kingdom and the United States of America: Methods for the International Nuclear Workers Study (INWORKS)

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