Conversion from depression to bipolar disorder in a cohort of young people in England, 1999–2011: A national record linkage study

James, Anthony; Wotton, Clare J; Duffy, Anne; Hoang, Uy; Goldacre, Michael J

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.018

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…From Table , it can be seen that two out of eight studies found a statistically significant gender association with conversion, with one finding that female patients converted more frequently and one that they converted less frequently . Among eight studies investigating age at onset, five found that earlier onset was associated with a higher risk of conversion .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Further, four studies included data from population‐based case registers, of which two used survival analysis and contributed data to the present meta‐analysis of conversion rates, and two did not . Case registers include routinely collected data potentially on a nationwide scale and over the long term.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Family history was associated with conversion in three 5,20,34 out of five studies, 5,14,20,30,34 and psychotic depression in two 5,29 out of five. 5,14,24,29,34 Chronic depression was statistically significantly associated with conversion in two studies; 5,14 in one study it increased the probability of conversion, 14 and in the other chronic depression protected against conversion. 5…”

Section: Conversion Rates and Risk Factors For Conversion From Unipmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Rate and predictors of conversion from unipolar to bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

et al. 2017

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conversion Rates and Risk Factors For Conversion From Unipmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Rate and predictors of conversion from unipolar to bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

et al. 2017

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“…Depression is defined by American Psychiatric Association (APA) as a disorder which influences the function and daily life of and individual and which becomes prominent with loss of attention, sleep disorder, change of appetite-weight, exhaustion, psychomotor retardation, insignificance, guilt, attention problems and thought of death (Köroğlu, 2013;Sadock & Sadock, 2009;Türkçapar, 2013). As it is thought to be a disorder generally occurring after twenties, recent studies show that the roots of depression goes back to childhood and it is the most important and common problem encountered particularly in puberty (Cimino et al, 2015;Costello, Erkanli & Angold, 2006;Grunewald et al, 2015;Hamrin & Pachler, 2005;Lewinson et al, 2000;James, Wotton, Duffy, Hoang, & Goldacre, 2015;Şimşek, 2015). That is to say, studies dealing with depression in children and adolescents show that it is common among the children and adolescents between the rates of % 1-6 and % 20 (Bilal, 2005;Eskin, 2000;Grunewald et al, 2015;Gröholt et al, 2000;James et al, 2015;Lewinson et al, 2000;Sadock & Sadock, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As it is thought to be a disorder generally occurring after twenties, recent studies show that the roots of depression goes back to childhood and it is the most important and common problem encountered particularly in puberty (Cimino et al, 2015;Costello, Erkanli & Angold, 2006;Grunewald et al, 2015;Hamrin & Pachler, 2005;Lewinson et al, 2000;James, Wotton, Duffy, Hoang, & Goldacre, 2015;Şimşek, 2015). That is to say, studies dealing with depression in children and adolescents show that it is common among the children and adolescents between the rates of % 1-6 and % 20 (Bilal, 2005;Eskin, 2000;Grunewald et al, 2015;Gröholt et al, 2000;James et al, 2015;Lewinson et al, 2000;Sadock & Sadock, 2009). Starting from this evidence, it can be said that childhood depression is an important and serious psychological disorder for children and adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adapting Depression and Anxiety Questionnaire for Children into Turkish: Reliability and Validity Studies

Ay¹,

Seçer²,

Simsek³

2017

IES

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Purpose of this study is to adapt anxiety and depression questionnaire for children into Turkish culture and to analyze the psychometric characteristics of it on clinical and nonclinical samples separately. The study is a descriptive survey research. The study was conducted on two different sample groups, clinical and nonclinical. The clinical sample is formed of 205 individuals and the nonclinical sample is formed of 630 individuals. Through the study, anxiety and depression questionnaire for children, anxiety sensitivity index and obsessive compulsive disorder questionnaire for children were used. Experts' opinions were asked to provide language validity of the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis and criterion-related validity to analyze construct validity and internal consistency and split-half reliability analyses were done for reliability. In the direction of experts' opinions, construct validity of the scale was analyzed with simple confirmatory factor analysis and it was determined that the model fit of the two-factor structure of the scale gives good fit on both the clinical and nonclinical samples after determining that the language validity of the scale is provided. In criterion-related validity, it was determined that there are positive and significant relations between anxiety and depression questionnaire for children and anxiety sensitivity and obsessive compulsive disorder. The results of internal consistency and half-split reliability analyses also show that the scale has adequate reliability value.

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Adolescent and Adult Transitions From Major Depressive Disorder to Bipolar Disorder

Desai Boström,

Cars,

Hellner

et al. 2024

JAMA Psychiatry

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ImportanceBipolar disorder (BD) often first appears in adolescence after onset of major depressive disorder (MDD), but diagnosis and treatment are commonly delayed. This delay is a concern because untreated BD is associated with adverse long-term outcomes, a more recurrent disease course and difficult-to-treat illness, and suicide attempts and deaths.ObjectiveTo examine the association of age at MDD onset with early transition to BD and the subsequent use of psychiatric inpatient services as a severity indicator.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study analyzed comprehensive data sourced from the Stockholm MDD Cohort data from 1997 to 2018, which encompass both outpatient and inpatient care. Individuals with an initial MDD episode from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2013, who transitioned to BD by December 31, 2018, were identified. Data were analyzed between September 5 and December 28, 2023.ExposuresPost MDD assessments included a depression severity index, comorbidities, psychotherapy, psychotropic drugs, and electroconvulsive therapy.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was the transition from MDD to BD, dichotomized as occurring early (within 3 years of MDD onset) or late (3 years after MDD onset). Secondary outcomes encompassed the use of psychiatric inpatient services post transition and patterns of medication usage. A robust propensity score matching framework was used to estimate outcomes.ResultsThe final balanced cohort included 228 individuals, with an equal distribution between adults (n = 114; mean [SD] age, 24.5 [6.3] years; 96 female [84.2%]; 20 experiencing an early transition to BD [17.5%]) and youths (n = 114; mean [SD] age, 15.3 [1.6] years; 93 female [81.6%]; 8 experiencing an early transition to BD [7.0%]). Youths were substantially less likely to transition early (odds ratio, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.20-0.88; P = .02), despite having more outpatient visits (mean [SD] visits per month, 1.21 [1.07] vs 0.97 [0.98] for adults; P = .01). Both groups experienced substantially reduced inpatient care following a BD diagnosis, concurring with a marked decline in antidepressant use without increased lithium use.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that adolescents may experience delayed BD progression and that diagnosis substantially reduced inpatient care in all age groups, which coincided with a reduction in the use of antidepressants. These findings may inform pharmacologic strategies in patients with first-episode MDD at risk for BD.

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Conversion from depression to bipolar disorder in a cohort of young people in England, 1999–2011: A national record linkage study

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

Rate and predictors of conversion from unipolar to bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Rate and predictors of conversion from unipolar to bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Adapting Depression and Anxiety Questionnaire for Children into Turkish: Reliability and Validity Studies

Adolescent and Adult Transitions From Major Depressive Disorder to Bipolar Disorder

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